Use of traditional cooking fuels and the risk of young adult cataract in rural Bangladesh: a hospital-based case-control study

Table 5 Conditional logistic models for ever use of cooking fuels.

Cooking fuel	Numbers of patients			Cases vs non-eye-disease controls		Case vs non-cataract eye-disease patients		Case vs combined controls
	CS	NE	NC	a-OR (95% CI)	p- value*	a-OR (95% CI)	p- value*	a-OR (95% CI)	p- value*
Females
Family h/o cataract
No	53	66	67	1 (ref)	0.03	1 (ref)	0.02	1 (ref)	0.007
Yes	27	14	13	2.14 (1.03, 4.43)		2.66 (1.15, 6.15)		2.31 (1.25, 4.26)
Formal education
At least secondary	6	17	13	1 (ref)	0.02	1 (ref)	0.35	1 (ref)	0.02
Primary	39	28	23	4.21 (1.40, 12.6)		2.19 (0.62, 5.65)		3.66 (1.35, 9.95)
None	35	35	34	3.07 (1.05, 8.93)		1.87 (0.62, 5.65)		3.00 (1.12, 8.04)
Rice straw
Never used	54	64	59	1 (ref)	0.02	1 (ref)	0.29	1 (ref)	0.04
Used	26	16	21	2.86 (1.10, 7.45)		1.47 (0.71, 3.01)		1.95 (1.03, 3.69)
Cow dung
Never used	55	47	43	1 (ref)	0.04	1 (ref)	0.03	1 (ref)	0.009
Used	25	33	37	0.46 (0.21, 1.00)		0.45 (0.21, 0.93)		0.45 (0.24, 0.84)
Males ^#
Family h/o cataract
No	44	59	56	1 (ref)	0.009	1 (ref)	0.08	1 (ref)	0.01
Yes	26	12	16	3.59 (1.27, 10.2)		2.41 (0.86, 6.74)		2.68 (1.22, 5.87)
Smoking status
Never smoked	18	28	37	1(ref)	0.12	1(ref)	0.003	1(ref)	0.009
Current or past	52	43	35	2.05 (0.82, 5.11)		3.40 (1.42, 8.14)		2.43 (1.21, 4.88)
Formal education
At least secondary	12	27	20	1 (ref)	0.007	1 (ref)	0.39	1 (ref)	0.05
Primary	34	25	31	5.65 (1.67, 19.1)		1.97 (0.62, 6.30)		3.08 (1.18, 8.00)
None	24	19	21	4.90 (1.23, 19.5)		2.27 (0.67, 7.66)		2.73 (1.00, 7.42)
Wood or dry leaves
Never used	47	58	51	1 (ref)	0.01	1 (ref)	0.42	1 (ref)	0.10
Used	23	13	21	3.51 (1.24, 9.95)		1.46 (0.57, 3.74)		1.84 (0.89, 3.83)

CS = Cases, NE = Non-eye-disease controls; NC = Non-cataract-eye-disease controls.
* Likelihood ratio test.
# Six males who had been exposed to cooking with rice straw and/or cow dung are omitted from this model.

ISSN: 1471-2415