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Table 3 Associations of cataract prevalence with quartiles of antioxidants intake 1

From: Fruit and vegetable intake and vitamins C and E are associated with a reduced prevalence of cataract in a Spanish Mediterranean population

     

Model I 2

 

Model II 3

 

Model III 4

 

Quartiles of intake

 

Median intake

Number of

Cases of

OR (95% CI)

P-trend 5

OR (95% CI)

P-trend 5

OR (95% CI)

P-trend 5

  

(mg/d)

participants

cataract n(%)

      

Vitamin C (mg/d)

[12.7, 82.9)

67.0

148

122 (82.4%)

1.00

0.007

1.00

0.006

1.00

0.047

 

[82.9, 106.9)

96.0

149

110 (73.8%)

0.64 (0.36 - 1.16)

 

0.57 (0.31 - 1.05)

 

0.62 (0.34 - 1.16)

 
 

[106.9, 143)

122.6

148

102 (68.9%)

0.50 (0.28 - 0.89)

 

0.46 (0.25 - 0.85)

 

0.49 (0.27 - 0.92)

 
 

[143, 408)

173.14

148

99 (66.9%)

0.44 (0.24 - 0.79)

 

0.40 (0.21 - 0.74)

 

0.46 (0.24 - 0.88)

 

Vitamin E (μg/d)

[2.91, 8.09)

7.14

148

126 (85.1%)

1.00

0.016

1.00

0.149

1.00

0.944

 

[8.09, 9.27)

8.72

148

99 (66.9%)

0.41 (0.23 - 0.75)

 

0.40 (0.21 - 0.75)

 

0.43 (0.23 - 0.82)

 
 

[9.27, 10.66)

9.84

150

104 (69.3%)

0.42 (0.23 - 0.77)

 

0.40 (0.21 - 0.75)

 

0.45 (0.24 - 0.86)

 
 

[10.66, 22.51)

11.66

147

104 (70.7%)

0.47 (0.25 - 0.86)

 

0.43 (0.23 - 0.83)

 

0.49 (0.27 - 0.95)

 

Alfa-carotene (μg/d)

[21.3, 508.2)

142.96

149

114 (76.5%)

1.00

0.067

1.00

0.036

  
 

[508.2, 738.9)

401.75

149

114 (76.5%)

0.99 (0.56 - 1.75)

 

0.90 (0.49 - 1.63)

   
 

[738.9, 948.3)

809.11

147

103 (70.1%)

0.73 (0.41 - 1.30)

 

0.72 (0.39 - 1.33)

   
 

[948.3, 2334)

1153.20

148

102 (64.9%)

0.64 (0.36 - 1.11)

 

0.55 (0.31 - 1.00)

   

Beta-carotene (μg/d)

[106, 2845)

2103.76

148

114 (77.0%)

1.00

0.054

1.00

0.020

  
 

[2845, 4203)

3659.17

150

116 (77.3%)

1.10 (0.62 - 1.95)

 

1.04 (0.57 - 1.90)

   
 

[4203, 5425)

4769.32

147

106 (72.1%)

0.91 (0.51 - 1.60)

 

0.85 (0.47 - 1.55)

   
 

[5425, 14464)

6557.19

148

97 (65.5%)

0.59 (0.34 - 1.03)

 

0.53 (0.30 - 0.95)

   

Cryptoxanthin (μg/d)

[2.97, 146.93)

108.57

149

118 (79.2%)

1.00

0.312

1.00

0.103

  
 

[146.93, 205.12)

173.61

147

105 (71.4%)

0.65 (0.37 - 1.15)

 

0.67 (0.37 - 1.20)

   
 

[205.12, 302.63)

251.45

148

104 (70.3%)

0.55 (0.31 - 0.98)

 

0.57 (0.32 - 1.04)

   
 

[302.63, 1175)

404.50

148

106 (71.1%)

0.69 (0.39 - 1.23)

 

0.69 (0.38 - 1.25)

   

Lycopene (μg/d)

[0, 870)

582.72

149

114 (76.5%)

1.00

0.816

1.00

0.616

  
 

[870, 1279)

1051.05

147

108 (73.5%)

0.88 (0.50 - 1.55)

 

0.87 (0.49 - 1.57)

   
 

[1279, 1981)

1525.04

148

102 (68.9%)

0.70 (0.40 - 1.22)

 

0.66 (0.37 - 1.18)

   
 

[1981, 19518)

2706.69

149

109 (73.2%)

0.88 (0.50 - 1.54)

 

0.93 (0.51 - 1.68)

   

Lutein-zeaxanthin (mg/d)

[114, 2239)

1584.09

150

116 (77.3%)

1.00

0.517

1.00

0.820

  
 

[2239, 3162)

2647.72

147

106 (72.1%)

0.93 (0.53 - 1.64)

 

0.82 (0.45 - 1.47)

   
 

[3162, 4380)

3680.51

148

106 (71.6%)

0.90 (0.52 - 1.57)

 

0.78 (0.44 - 1.39)

   
 

[4380, 18633)

5397.06

148

105 (70.9%)

0.86 (0.49 - 1.49)

 

0.76 (0.43 - 1.36)

   
  1. 1Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) obtained from logistic regression models.
  2. 2Model I: Adjusted for sex, age and energy intake (n=6 missings).
  3. 3Model II: Adjusted for factors in Model I and marital status, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, use of supplement, energy intake, obesity (BMI<30 vs ≥30) and history of diabetes (n=20 missings).
  4. 4Model III: Adjusted for factors in Model II plus the antioxidants whose p-value ≤ 0,10, for model of vitamin C adjusted for vitamin E and viceversa for model of Vitamin E, adjusted for vitamin C, (n=20 missings).
  5. 5The Mantel-Haenszel extension chi-square test for overall trend was performed to assess the overall trend of odds ratios across increasing quartiles of fruit and vegetables intake.