Skip to main content

Table 4 Associations of cataract prevalence with quartiles of plasma antioxidants 1

From: Fruit and vegetable intake and vitamins C and E are associated with a reduced prevalence of cataract in a Spanish Mediterranean population

     

Model I 2

 

Model II 3

 

Model III 4

 

Quartile of blood level

 

Median intake

Number of

Cases of

OR (95% CI)

P-trend 5

OR (95% CI)

P-trend 5

OR (95% CI)

P-trend 5

  

(μmol/L)

participants

cataract

      

Vitamin C ( μmol/L)

[2.00, 33.5)

19.00

137

108 (78.8%)

1.00

0.077

1.00

0.169

1.00

0.553

 

[33.5, 45.6)

40.70

139

109 (78.4%)

1.11 (0.61 - 2.02)

 

1.23 (0.65 - 2.31)

 

1.20 (0.63 - 2.28)

 
 

[45.6, 58.6)

51.90

138

81 (58.7%)

0.41 (0.23 - 0.73)

 

0.41 (0.23 - 0.74)

 

0.39 (0.21 - 0.72)

 
 

[58.6, 127.9)

67.55

136

102 (75.0%)

0.80 (0.44 - 1.48)

 

0.97 (0.51 - 1.84)

 

1.02 (0.53 - 1.99)

 

Alfa-tocopherol ( μmol/L)

[13.78, 28.24)

26.08

137

105 (76.6%)

1.00

0.026

1.00

0.624

1.00

0.927

 

[28.24, 31.22)

29.84

139

110 (79.1%)

1.06 (0.58 - 1.93)

 

1.03 (0.57 - 1.99)

 

0.92 (0.48 - 1.75)

 
 

[31.22, 34.99)

32.03

137

88 (64.2%)

0.41 (0.23 - 0.73)

 

0.42 (0.23 - 0.76)

 

0.37 (0.20 - 0.69)

 
 

[34.99, 53.19)

37.60

138

98 (71.0%)

0.68 (0.38 - 1.21)

 

0.65 (0.36 - 1.19)

 

0.51 (0.27 - 0.96)

 

Alfa-carotene ( μmol/L)

[0.00, 0.03)

0.02

137

106 (77.4%)

1.00

0.604

1.00

0.223

  
 

[0.03, 0.05)

0.04

139

96 (69.1%)

0.62 (0.35 - 1.10)

 

0.66 (0.36 - 1.20)

   
 

[0.05, 0.09)

0.06

137

103 (75.2%)

1.03 (0.57 - 1.85)

 

0.98 (0.53 - 1.81)

   
 

[0.09, 1.38)

0.15

138

96 (69.6%)

0.69 (0.39 - 1.25)

 

0.60 (0.32 - 1.13)

   

Beta-carotene ( μmol/L)

[0.00, 0.10)

0.06

138

104 (75.4%)

1.00

0.685

1.00

0.118

  
 

[0.10, 0.16)

0.12

138

93 (67.4%)

0.64 (0.37 - 1.13)

 

0.71 (0.39 - 1.28)

   
 

[0.16, 0.29)

0.22

137

102 (74.5%)

1.01 (0.56 - 1.82)

 

1.14 (0.62 - 2.11)

   
 

[0.29, 3.19)

0.47

138

102 (73.9%)

0.97 (0.54 - 1.76)

 

1.02 (0.55 - 1.90)

   

Beta-cryptoxanthin ( μmol/L)

[0.00, 0.04)

0.02

137

105 (76.6%)

1.00

0.741

1.00

0.347

  
 

[0.04, 0.07)

0.05

138

93 (67.4%)

0.58 (0.33 - 1.03)

 

0.61 (0.33 - 1.11)

   
 

[0.07, 0.15)

0.10

139

102 (73.4%)

0.81 (0.45 - 1.45)

 

0.90 (0.48 - 1.67)

   
 

[0.15, 1.11)

0.26

137

101 (73.7%)

0.77 (0.42 - 1.41)

 

0.77 (0.40 - 1.46)

   

Zeaxanthin ( μmol/L)

[0.00, 0.02)

0.01

138

104 (75.4%)

1.00

0.493

1.00

0.542

  
 

[0.02, 0.03)

0.02

138

102 (73.9%)

0.96 (0.54 - 1.70)

 

1.15 (0.62 - 2.11)

   
 

[0.03, 0.05)

0.03

138

94 (68.1%)

0.68 (0.38 - 1.20)

 

0.77 (0.43 - 1.40)

   
 

[0.05, 0.21)

0.07

137

101 (73.7%)

0.89 (0.48 - 1.63)

 

0.93 (0.49 - 1.76)

   

Lycopene ( μmol/L)

[0.00, 0.20)

0.11

137

111 (81.0%)

1.00

0.580

1.00

0.074

  
 

[0.20, 0.37)

0.28

139

90 (64.7%)

0.41 (0.23 - 0.74)

 

0.41 (0.22 - 0.76)

   
 

[0.37, 0.68)

0.49

137

97 (70.8%)

0.58 (0.32 - 1.05)

 

0.69 (0.37 - 1.30)

   
 

[0.68, 6.79)

1. 09

138

103 (74.6%)

0.68 (0.37 - 1.28)

 

0.72 (0.38 - 1.38)

   

Lutein-zeaxanthin ( μmol/L)

[0.00, 0.05)

0.04

138

101 (73.2%)

1.00

0.548

1.00

0.138

  
 

[0.05, 0.08)

0.06

137

105 (76.6%)

1.37 (0.77 - 2.44)

 

1.41 (0.78 - 2.58)

   
 

[0.08, 0.21)

0.12

138

95 (68.8%)

0.81 (0.46 - 1.43)

 

0.86 (0.47 - 1.54)

   
 

[0.21, 1.17)

0.31

138

100 (72.5%)

0.92 (0.51 - 1.67)

 

0.91 (0.48 - 1.71)

   
  1. 1Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) obtained from logistic regression models.
  2. 2Model I: Adjusted for sex, age and season (n=48 missings)
  3. 3Model II: Adjusted for factors in model I and marital status, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, use of supplement, obesity (bmi<30 vs ≥30) and history of diabetes (n=60 missings)
  4. 4Model III: Adjusted for factors in Model II and the plasma antioxidants whose p-value≤0,10: Vitamin C and Alpha-tocopherol (n=60 missings).
  5. 5The Mantel-Haenszel extension chi-square test for overall trend was performed to assess the overall trend of odds ratios across increasing quartiles of fruit and vegetables intake.