Table 1 Characteristics of the study sample aged 40 years and older in three surveys
Variable | Year 2001 | Year 2009 | Year 2013 | P value* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | (%) | N | (%) | N | (%) | ||
Total | 8334 | 11207 | 10940 | ||||
Mean sitting time (SD) | 5.17 ± 0.09 | 5.38 ± 0.06 | 5.69 ± 0.05 | <0.001 | |||
Sitting time (grouped), hours | <0.001 | ||||||
<3 | 1892 | (22.70) | 2100 | (18.74) | 1624 | (14.84) | |
3–4 | 2421 | (29.05) | 3198 | (28.54) | 2993 | (27.36) | |
5–6 | 1803 | (21.63) | 2820 | (25.17) | 2852 | (26.07) | |
≥7 | 2218 | (26.61) | 3088 | (24.55) | 3471 | (31.73) | |
Mean age (SD) | 56.11 ± 0.26 | 56.31 ± 0.16 | 57.04 ± 0.17 | <0.001 | |||
Age (grouped), years | 0.055 | ||||||
40–54 | 4586 | (55.03) | 6104 | (54.46) | 5507 | (50.34) | |
55–64 | 1691 | (20.29) | 2474 | (22.08) | 2896 | (26.47) | |
≥ 65 | 2057 | (24.68) | 2629 | (23.46) | 2538 | (23.19) | |
Sex | 0.697 | ||||||
Male | 4086 | (49.39) | 5535 | (49.39) | 5336 | (48.77) | |
Female | 4248 | (50.97) | 5671 | (50.61) | 5605 | (50.23) | |
Education level† | 0.006 | ||||||
None | 1458 | (17.49) | 1018 | (9.08) | 839 | (7.67) | |
Junior high school and below | 4127 | (49.52) | 4883 | (43.57) | 4265 | (38.98) | |
Senior high school | 1572 | (18.86) | 2995 | (26.72) | 3051 | (27.89) | |
College or Bachelor’s degree | 1090 | (13.08) | 1993 | (17.78) | 2267 | (20.73) | |
Master’s degree and above | 87 | (1.04) | 319 | (2.84) | 518 | (4.73) | |
Marital status ‡ | <0.001 | ||||||
Never married | 262 | (3.14) | 596 | (5.31) | 787 | (7.19) | |
Married | 6737 | (80.84) | 8566 | (76.43) | 8129 | (74.30) | |
Other | 1335 | (16.02) | 2045 | (18.25) | 2025 | (18.51) | |
Employed status | 4084 | (49.00) | 6318 | (56.38) | 6373 | (58.25) | <0.001 |
Monthly household income ($NT) | <0.001 | ||||||
<30,000 | 2101 | (25.21) | 2849 | (25.42) | 2266 | (20.71) | |
≥ 30,000 to <70,000 | 3444 | (41.32) | 3775 | (33.68) | 3751 | (34.28) | |
≥70,000 | 2687 | (32.24) | 2650 | (23.65) | 3170 | (28.98) | |
Not stated | 102 | (1.22) | 1932 | (17.24) | 1753 | (16.03) | |
Degrees of urbanization§ | <0.001 | ||||||
High urbanization | 1769 | (21.23) | 2530 | (22.58) | 2948 | (26.95) | |
Moderate urbanization | 2249 | (26.99) | 2558 | (22.82) | 5369 | (49.07) | |
Developing towns | 1827 | (21.92) | 3598 | (32.11) | 1353 | (12.37) | |
General towns | 1226 | (14.71) | 1802 | (16.08) | 884 | (8.08) | |
Other towns | 1263 | (15.15) | 719 | (6.41) | 387 | (3.53) | |
Health status | |||||||
Cataract | 882 | (10.70) | 1471 | (13.13) | 1296 | (11.84) | 0.122 |
Hypertension | 1825 | (21.90) | 2934 | (26.18) | 3141 | (28.71) | <0.001 |
Diabetes | 759 | (9.11) | 1173 | (10.47) | 1302 | (11.90) | <0.001 |
Myopia | 1641 | (19.69) | 3384 | (30.19) | 3839 | (35.09) | <0.001 |
Smoking status | <0.001 | ||||||
Never smokers | 5872 | (70.46) | 7077 | (63.15) | 7157 | (65.42) | |
Former smokers | 477 | (5.72) | 1695 | (15.13) | 1569 | (14.34) | |
Current smokers | 1985 | (23.82) | 2434 | (21.72) | 2214 | (20.24) | |