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Figure 1

From: Lying-down nystagmus and head-bending nystagmus in horizontal semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: are they useful for lateralization?

Figure 1

Lying-down nystagmus and head-bending nystagmus in right horizontal semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. The horizontal semicircular canal is at an ~30 angle from the horizontal plane in the normal sitting position (A). Ampullopetal endolymphatic flow induces the ipsilesional direction of lying-down nystagmus(LDN) in apogeotropic horizontal semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (HSC-BPPV), whereas LDN beats toward the contralesional side are caused by the ampullofugal direction of endolymphatics in the geotropic type (B). The directions of head-bending nystagmus (HBN) and LDN are opposite to each other (C). (Adapted from reference [23]: G. Asprella-Libonati. Pseudo-Spontaneous Nystagmus: a new sign to diagnose the affected side in Lateral Semicircular Canal Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo. Acta otorhinolaryngologica Italica : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di otorinolaringologia e chirurgia cervico-facciale, Figure one, three 2008, 28(2):73–78., with permission, Copyright © by Società Italiana di Otorinolaringologia e Chirurgia Cervico-Facciale Via Luigi Pigorini, 6/3 00162 Roma, Italy).

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BMC Ophthalmology

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