Table 1 Characteristics of the study population (N = 11,591)
n | % | |
|---|---|---|
1. Socio-demographic factors | ||
Age (years) | ||
40–49 | 3353 | 28.9 |
50–59 | 3019 | 26.1 |
60–69 | 2813 | 24.3 |
70–80 | 1959 | 16.9 |
80+ | 447 | 3.9 |
Sex | ||
Men | 5000 | 43.1 |
Women | 6591 | 56.9 |
Monthly household income | ||
Lowest quintile | 3108 | 26.8 |
2nd to 4th quintile | 5946 | 51.3 |
Highest quintile | 2355 | 20.3 |
Education | ||
Elementary school | 4644 | 40.1 |
Middle school | 1779 | 15.4 |
High school | 3111 | 26.8 |
University or higher | 1929 | 16.6 |
Residential area | ||
Urban | 8124 | 70.1 |
Rural | 3467 | 29.9 |
Occupation | ||
Administrator, management, and professional | 883 | 7.6 |
Business and financial operations | 548 | 4.7 |
Sales and related | 1416 | 12.2 |
Farming, fishing, and forestry | 1539 | 13.3 |
Installation, maintenance, and repair | 1089 | 9.4 |
Laborer | 1208 | 10.4 |
Unemployed | 4761 | 41.1 |
2. Health examination variable | ||
Obesity | ||
Underweight | 7223 | 62.3 |
Normal | 3980 | 34.3 |
Obesity | 357 | 3.1 |
Hypercholesterolemia | ||
No | 8978 | 77.5 |
Yes | 1695 | 14.6 |
Hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia | ||
No | 7613 | 65.7 |
Yes | 3122 | 26.9 |
Hypertriglycemia | ||
No | 7257 | 62.6 |
Yes | 1547 | 13.4 |
Anemia | ||
No | 9778 | 84.4 |
Yes | 1150 | 9.9 |
Metabolic syndrome | ||
No | 6782 | 58.5 |
Yes | 4809 | 41.5 |
3. Comorbidities | ||
Hypertension | ||
No | 8033 | 69.3 |
Yes | 3472 | 30.0 |
Diabetic mellitus | ||
No | 10237 | 88.3 |
Yes | 1267 | 10.9 |
Osteoarthritis | ||
No | 9596 | 82.8 |
Yes | 1907 | 16.5 |
Rheumatoid arthritis | ||
No | 11161 | 96.3 |
Yes | 342 | 3.0 |
Atopic dermatitis | ||
No | 11339 | 97.8 |
Yes | 163 | 1.4 |
Asthma | ||
No | 11083 | 95.6 |
Yes | 421 | 3.6 |
4. Health behavioral risk factors | ||
Lifetime smoker | ||
No | 6797 | 58.6 |
Yes | 4704 | 40.6 |
Binge alcohol user | ||
No | 8375 | 72.3 |
Yes | 3140 | 27.1 |
Physical activity of moderate intensity | ||
never | 11078 | 95.6 |
more than once in a week | 394 | 3.4 |
Coffee consumption | ||
Never | 1393 | 12.0 |
1–6 cups per week | 2236 | 19.3 |
≥7 cups per week | 6476 | 55.9 |
Stress | ||
Least stressful | 2249 | 19.4 |
Moderately stressful | 8671 | 74.8 |
Extremely stressful | 557 | 4.8 |
Sun exposure | ||
<5 hr/day | 8182 | 70.6 |
≥5 hr/day | 3286 | 28.4 |