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Table 3 Factors associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) using multiple logistic regression

From: Evaluating the effectiveness of opportunistic eye screening model for people with Diabetes attending Diabetes clinic at Mnazi Mmoja hospital, Zanzibar

Variables

Total n = 352 (%)

Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)

P value

Age (years)

 

< 50 years

128 (36)

1

0.020

>50 years

224 (64)

2.19 (1.14 – 4.25)

Gender

 

Male

174 (49)

1

0.028

Female

178 (51)

1.92 (1.07 – 3.44)

Body mass index

 

Normal range

200 (57)

1

0.17

Overweight

93 (26)

1.53 (0.84 – 2.79)

Obese

59 (17)

1.61 (0.78 – 3.32)

0.19

Diabetes duration

 

<5 years

176 (50)

1

0.17

6 -10 years

109 (31)

1.53 (0.83 – 2.82)

11 – 15 years

38 (11)

4.06 (1.76 – 9.36)

0.001

16 and above

29 (8)

2.67 (1.08 – 6.58)

0.03

Present history of hypertension

 

No

156 (44)

1

0.33

Yes

196 (56)

1.35 (0.74 – 2.44)

Fasting blood sugar

 

Normal range

54 (15)

1

0.88

High

298 (85)

1.06 (0.52 – 2.14)

Visual acuity*

 

Normal range

250 (70)

1

<0.001

Visually impaired

102 (30)

2.71 (1.56 – 4.7)

  1. *4 persons had dense cataract and there was no view, hence they are not included for this calculation.