Evaluation of real-world mobility in age-related macular degeneration

BMC Ophthalmology

Table 3 Effect of AMD and vision metrics on time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day

Variable	Interval	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
		RR	Pvalue	RR*	Pvalue
Vision
AMD	Present	0.52	<0.001	0.65	<0.001
Better eye VA	0.1 logMAR worse	0.87	<0.001	0.89	<0.001
Binocular CS	0.1 log decrement	0.85	<0.001	0.87	<0.001
Sig. cataract/PCO	Present	0.58	0.001	§§	§§
Demographics
Age	10 years older	0.63	<0.001	1.00	0.98
Gender	Female vs. male	0.71	0.02	0.62	<0.01
Race	White vs. non-White	1.63	0.01	2.01	<0.001
Education	4 years more	2.22	<0.001	2.33	<0.001
Employed	Yes vs. No	1.94	<0.001	§§	§§
Health/cognition
Comorbidities	1 or more illness	0.73	<0.001	0.73	<0.001
Depressive symptoms	Present vs. absent	0.08	<0.001	§§	§§
BMI	1 unit higher	0.90	<0.001	‡‡	‡‡
MMSE – VI score	5 points lower	0.96	0.87	---	---
Weather
Temperature <45°F	Yes vs. No	0.04	0.93	---	---
Rainfall > 0.2 mm	Yes vs. No	0.07	0.57	---	---

RR = Rate ratios; AMD = age-related macular degeneration; VA = visual acuity; CS = contrast sensitivity; logMAR = logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution; PCO = Posterior Capsular Opacification; BMI = body mass index; MMSE-VI = Mini-mental status examination for the visually impaired; °F = degrees Fahrenheit; mm = millimeters.
*RR for vision variables were each derived from separate multivariate models including all non-visual covariates shown. RR for non-visual variables were derived from the multivariate model containing AMD as the vision variable. Values in bold indicate p < 0.05.
§§ - Employment, depression, and cataract/PCO were not included in the multivariable models as these occur as a result of AMD and do not directly influence effect of vision related parameters on physical activity.

ISSN: 1471-2415