Table 2 Association between age, gender, social status, NEI-VFQ sub-scale scores and visual impairment
From: Is the NEI-VFQ-25 a useful tool in identifying visual impairment in an elderly population?
Exposure | N (%) | Number with VA<6/12 (%) | OR VA<6/12 (95% CI) | Number with VA<6/18 (%) | OR VA<6/18 (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
75 to <80 | 310 (17) | 56 (18) | 1.00 | 17 (5) | 1.00 |
80 to 85 | 881 (49) | 226 (26) | 1.31 (0.93, 1.85) | 83 (9) | 1.68 (0.97, 2.93) |
>85 | 594 (33) | 303 (51) | 4.44 (3.14, 6.29) | 143 (24) | 5.22 (3.05, 8.95) |
Total | 1785 | 585 (33) | Â | 243 (14) | Â |
P-value †|  |  | <0.001 |  | <0.001 |
Gender | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Male | 650 (36) | 174 (27) | 1.00 | 61 (8) | 1.00 |
Female | 1135 (64) | 411 (36) | 1.31 (1.05, 1.65) | 182 (16) | 1.57 (1.13, 2.16) |
Total | 1785 | 585 (33) | Â | 243 (14) | Â |
P-value | Â | Â | 0.019 | Â | 0.006 |
Carstairs deprivation index | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
High (privileged) | 388 (22) | 149 (38) | 1.00 | 61 (16) | 1.00 |
Higher middle | 386 (22) | 140 (36) | 0.92 (0.65, 1.31) | 59 (15) | 1.05 (0.67, 1.64) |
Lower middle | 389 (22) | 124 (32) | 0.68 (0.47, 1.00) | 57 (15) | 0.92 (0.56, 1.50) |
Low (less privileged) | 403 (23) | 115 (29) | 0.69 (0.46, 1.04) | 40 (10) | 0.72 (0.41, 1.26) |
Missing | 219 (12) | 57 (26) | 0.56 (0.37, 0.85) | 26 (12) | 0.79 (0.46, 1.36) |
Total | 1785 | 585 (33) | Â | 243 (14) | Â |
P-value †|  |  | 0.002 |  | 0.167 |
General health | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No problems | 142 (8) | 41 (29) | 1.00 | 16 (11) | 1.00 |
Few | 493 (28) | 129 (26) | 0.78 (0.50, 1.22) | 44 (9) | 0.68 (0.36, 1.29) |
Moderate health | 614 (34) | 198 (32) | 1.03 (0.67, 1.59) | 91 (15) | 1.16 (0.64, 2.11) |
Poor health | 534 (30) | 216 (40) | 1.43 (0.93, 2.22) | 91 (17) | 1.25 (0.68, 2.28) |
Total | 1783 | 584 (33) | Â | 242 (14) | Â |
P-value †|  |  | <0.001 |  | 0.018 |
General vision | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No problems | 1206 (68) | 244 (20) | 1.00 | 50 (4) | 1.00 |
Problems | 577 (32) | 339 (59) | 5.75 (4.53, 7.31) | 192 (33) | 11.0 (7.72, 15.5) |
Total | 1783 | 583 (33) | Â | 242 (14) | Â |
P-value | Â | Â | <0.001 | Â | <0.001 |
Ocular pain | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No problems | 982 (55) | 316 (32) | 1.00 | 120 (12) | 1.00 |
Problems | 801 (45) | 267 (33) | 1.04 (0.83, 1.29) | 122 (15) | 1.22 (0.91, 1.64) |
Total | 1783 | 583 (33) | Â | 242 (14) | Â |
P-value | Â | Â | 0.751 | Â | 0.176 |
Near activities | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No problems | 838 (47) | 156 (19) | 1.00 | 27 (3) | 1.00 |
Problems | 940 (53) | 422 (45) | 3.48 (2.75, 4.40) | 213 (23) | 8.35 (5.44, 12.8) |
Total | 1778 | 540 (31) | Â | 240 (14) | Â |
P-value | Â | Â | <0.001 | Â | <0.001 |
Distance activities | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No problems | 839 (50) | 185 (22) | 1.00 | 40 (5) | 1.00 |
Problems | 856 (51) | 339 (40) | 2.11 (1.67, 2.66) | 178 (21) | 4.91 (3.37, 7.14) |
Total | 1695 ‡ | 524 (31) |  | 218 (13) |  |
P-value | Â | Â | <0.001 | Â | <0.001 |
Social function | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No problems | 1420 (80) | 357 (28) | 1.00 | 95 (7) | 1.00 |
Problems | 355 (20) | 219 (62) | 4.71 (3.60, 6.16) | 145 (41) | 9.38 (6.81, 12.9) |
Total | 1775 | 576 (32) | Â | 240 (14) | Â |
P-value | Â | Â | <0.001 | Â | <0.001 |
Mental health | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No problems | 954 (54) | 218 (23) | 1.00 | 56 (6) | 1.00 |
Problems | 829 (46) | 365 (44) | 2.54 (2.03, 3.17) | 186 (22) | 4.46 (3.20, 6.23) |
Total | 1783 | 583 (33) | Â | 242 (14) | Â |
P-value | Â | Â | <0.001 | Â | <0.001 |
Role difficulties | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No problems | 1058 (60) | 246 (23) | 1.00 | 52 (5) | 1.00 |
Problems | 721 (41) | 33 (46) | 2.79 (2.23, 3.49) | 188 (26) | 6.77 (4.81, 9.55) |
Total | 1779 | 579 (33) | Â | 240 (13) | Â |
P-value | Â | Â | <0.001 | Â | <0.001 |
Dependency | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No problems | 1381 (78) | 335 (24) | 1.00 | 91 (7) | 1.00 |
Problems | 400 (22) | 246 (64) | 4.80 (3.70, 6.24) | 150 (38) | 7.45 (5.44, 10.2) |
Total | 1781 | 581 (33) | Â | 241 (14) | Â |
P-value | Â | Â | <0.001 | Â | <0.001 |
Driving * | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No problems | 299 (55) | 29 (10) | 1.00 | 3 (1) | 1.00 |
Problems | 246 (45) | 79 (32) | 4.63 (2.81, 7.62) | 38 (15) | 24.5 (6.57, 91.1) |
Total | 545 | 108 (20) | Â | 41 (8) | Â |
P-value | Â | Â | <0.001 | Â | <0.001 |
Colour vision | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No problems | 1578 (90) | 445 (28) | 1.00 | 146 (9) | 1.00 |
Problems | 178 (10) | 121 (68) | 5.39 (3.74, 7.78) | 89 (38) | 9.86 (6.77, 14.3) |
Total | 1756 | 566 (32) | Â | 235 (13) | Â |
P-value | Â | Â | <0.001 | Â | <0.001 |
Peripheral vision | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No problems | 1300 (75) | 326 (25) | 1.00 | 94 (7) | 1.00 |
Problems | 440 (25) | 227 (52) | 3.02 (2.37, 3.87) | 95 (24) | 5.03 (3.68, 6.87) |
Total | 1740 | 553 (32) | Â | 189 (11) | Â |
P-value | Â | Â | <0.001 | Â | <0.001 |
Total VFQ score | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No problems | 442 (25) | 75 (17) | 1.00 | 12 (3) | 1.00 |
Few problems | 447 (26) | 103 (23) | 1.45 (1.02, 2.07) | 21 (5) | 1.72 (0.82, 3.58) |
Moderate vision | 456 (26) | 136 (30) | 2.01 (1.43, 2.83) | 41 (9) | 3.37 (1.72, 6.60) |
Poor vision | 438 (25) | 269 (61) | 6.93 (4.93, 9.75) | 168 (38) | 19.5 (10.5, 36.5) |
Total | 1783 | 583 (33) | Â | 242 (14) | Â |
P-value †|  |  | <0.001 |  | <0.001 |