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Table 4 Diabetic Retinopathy in relation to Clinical Characteristics of DM Patients in Al-Ain District, UAE, 2003-2004 (n=513)

From: Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in the United Arab Emirates: a cross-sectional survey

Variable name

Presence of DR

Absence of DR

 
 

n

Percent (95% CI)

n

Percent (95% CI)

p-value

Type of DM

    

0.000

Type 1

18

38.3(26.6–50.0)

29

61.7(55.9–67.5)

 

Type 2

48

16.4(7.5–25.3)

244

83.6(79.2–88.0)

 

Mode of Diagnosis

    

0.596

Incidental

35

21(11.1–30.9)

132

79.0(74.2–83.8)

 

Screening

3

13(4.8–21.2)

20

87.0(83.0–91.0)

 

Symptomatic

27

18(8.7–27.3)

123

82.0(77.5–86.5)

 

Family History of DM

    

0.282

Present

32

17.2(8.0–26.4)

154

82.8(78.3–87.3)

 

Absent

33

21.9(11.8–32.0)

118

78.1(73.2–83.0)

 

Duration of the DM

    

0.000

< 1 year

1

4.5(0–9.5)

21

95.5(93.0–98.0)

 

1–5 years

9

6.7(0.6–12.8)

126

93.3(90.3–96.3)

 

6–10 years

17

16.5(7.5–25.5)

86

83.5(79.1–87.9)

 

11–20 years

36

52.2(40.1–64.3)

33

47.8(41.8–53.8)

 

> 21 years

2

33.3(21.8–44.8)

4

66.7(61.1–72.3)

 

Hypertension

    

0.050

Present

31

25.0(14.6–35.4)

93

75.0(69.9–80.1)

 

Absent

36

16.3(7.5–25.1)

185

83.7(79.4–88.0)

 

Dyslipidaemia

    

0.936

High total cholesterol level

22

20.0(10.2–29.8)

88

80.0(75.1–84.9)

 

Within the reference range

42

19.6(9.9–29.3)

172

(75.6–85.2)

 

Triglycerides

    

0.500

Elevated triglycerides

14

17.1(7.8–26.4)

68

82.9(78.3–87.5)

 

Within reference range

49

20.5(10.5–30.5)

190

79.5(74.6–84.4)

 

Microalbuminuria

     

Negative

27

23.5(12.3–34.7)

88

76.5(71.2–81.8)

0.073

Positive

28

15.2(5.7–24.7)

156

84.8(80.3–89.3)

 

HbA 1C

    

0.556

Good control

21

36.2(23.8–48.6)

97

40.4(34.2–46.6)

 

Poor control

37

63.8(51.4–76.2)

143

59.6(53.4–65.8)