From: Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in the United Arab Emirates: a cross-sectional survey
Variable name | Presence of DR | Absence of DR | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Percent (95% CI) | n | Percent (95% CI) | p-value | |
Type of DM | 0.000 | ||||
Type 1 | 18 | 38.3(26.6–50.0) | 29 | 61.7(55.9–67.5) | |
Type 2 | 48 | 16.4(7.5–25.3) | 244 | 83.6(79.2–88.0) | |
Mode of Diagnosis | 0.596 | ||||
Incidental | 35 | 21(11.1–30.9) | 132 | 79.0(74.2–83.8) | |
Screening | 3 | 13(4.8–21.2) | 20 | 87.0(83.0–91.0) | |
Symptomatic | 27 | 18(8.7–27.3) | 123 | 82.0(77.5–86.5) | |
Family History of DM | 0.282 | ||||
Present | 32 | 17.2(8.0–26.4) | 154 | 82.8(78.3–87.3) | |
Absent | 33 | 21.9(11.8–32.0) | 118 | 78.1(73.2–83.0) | |
Duration of the DM | 0.000 | ||||
< 1 year | 1 | 4.5(0–9.5) | 21 | 95.5(93.0–98.0) | |
1–5 years | 9 | 6.7(0.6–12.8) | 126 | 93.3(90.3–96.3) | |
6–10 years | 17 | 16.5(7.5–25.5) | 86 | 83.5(79.1–87.9) | |
11–20 years | 36 | 52.2(40.1–64.3) | 33 | 47.8(41.8–53.8) | |
> 21 years | 2 | 33.3(21.8–44.8) | 4 | 66.7(61.1–72.3) | |
Hypertension | 0.050 | ||||
Present | 31 | 25.0(14.6–35.4) | 93 | 75.0(69.9–80.1) | |
Absent | 36 | 16.3(7.5–25.1) | 185 | 83.7(79.4–88.0) | |
Dyslipidaemia | 0.936 | ||||
High total cholesterol level | 22 | 20.0(10.2–29.8) | 88 | 80.0(75.1–84.9) | |
Within the reference range | 42 | 19.6(9.9–29.3) | 172 | (75.6–85.2) | |
Triglycerides | 0.500 | ||||
Elevated triglycerides | 14 | 17.1(7.8–26.4) | 68 | 82.9(78.3–87.5) | |
Within reference range | 49 | 20.5(10.5–30.5) | 190 | 79.5(74.6–84.4) | |
Microalbuminuria | |||||
Negative | 27 | 23.5(12.3–34.7) | 88 | 76.5(71.2–81.8) | 0.073 |
Positive | 28 | 15.2(5.7–24.7) | 156 | 84.8(80.3–89.3) | |
HbA 1C | 0.556 | ||||
Good control | 21 | 36.2(23.8–48.6) | 97 | 40.4(34.2–46.6) | |
Poor control | 37 | 63.8(51.4–76.2) | 143 | 59.6(53.4–65.8) |