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Table 2 Regression Analysis to study the effect of various risk factors on Diabetic Retinopathy and Sight-threatening Diabetic Retinopathy.

From: Diagonal ear lobe crease in diabetic south Indian population: Is it associated with Diabetic Retinopathy?. Sankara Nethralaya Diabetic Retinopathy Epidemiology And Molecular-genetics Study (SN-DREAMS, Report no. 3)

 

Diabetic Retinopathy

Sight-threatening Diabetic Retinopathy

 

Univariate Analysis

Multivariate analysis

Univariate Analysis

Multivariate analysis

 

OR

95% CI

p

OR

95% CI

p

OR

95% CI

p

OR

95% CI

p

Gender

            

Men

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

Women

0.64

0.49-0.85

0.002

0.69

0.51-0.93

0.014

0.86

0.42-1.73

0.667

0.92

0.44-1.91

0.822

SES

            

Lower

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

Upper

0.09

0.63-1.29

0.584

0.72

0.48-1.07

0.104

1.24

0.53-2.92

0.617

1.00

0.39-2.52

0.996

Ear lobe crease

            

Absent

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

Present

1.036

0.79-1.37

0.800

0.88

0.65-1.19

0.422

2.02

1.02-4.73

0.043

2.00

0.91-4.34

0.086

Age groups (years)

            

40-49

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

50-59

1.698

1.18-2.44

0.012

1.38

0.94-2.04

0.100

2.39

0.76-7.15

0.135

2.13

0.66-6.80

0.204

60-69

1.665

1.13-2.45

0.010

1.08

0.71-1.66

0.710

2.86

0.88-9.24

0.079

2.43

0.73-8.08

0.148

≥ 70

1.120

0.66-1.88

0.673

0.49

0.26-0.89

0.024

3.22

0.78-13.30

0.106

2.83

0.65-12.32

0.167

Duration of Diabetes (per year increase)

1.110

1.09-1.13

<0.0001

1.11

1.09-1.14

<0.0001

1.050

1.00-1.10

0.046

1.04

0.99-1.09

0.123

HbA1c (per unit increase/

1.280

1.21-1.36

<0.0001

1.26

1.19-1.35

<0.0001

1.060

0.93-1.22

0.383

1.07

0.93-1.25

0.343

  1. OR: Odds Ratio, SES: Socioeconomic status, CI: Confidence interval, HbA1c: Glycosylated heamoglobin