Diabetic Retinopathy | Sight-threatening Diabetic Retinopathy | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Univariate Analysis | Multivariate analysis | Univariate Analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||||||
OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p | |
Gender | ||||||||||||
Men | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
Women | 0.64 | 0.49-0.85 | 0.002 | 0.69 | 0.51-0.93 | 0.014 | 0.86 | 0.42-1.73 | 0.667 | 0.92 | 0.44-1.91 | 0.822 |
SES | ||||||||||||
Lower | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
Upper | 0.09 | 0.63-1.29 | 0.584 | 0.72 | 0.48-1.07 | 0.104 | 1.24 | 0.53-2.92 | 0.617 | 1.00 | 0.39-2.52 | 0.996 |
Ear lobe crease | ||||||||||||
Absent | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
Present | 1.036 | 0.79-1.37 | 0.800 | 0.88 | 0.65-1.19 | 0.422 | 2.02 | 1.02-4.73 | 0.043 | 2.00 | 0.91-4.34 | 0.086 |
Age groups (years) | ||||||||||||
40-49 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
50-59 | 1.698 | 1.18-2.44 | 0.012 | 1.38 | 0.94-2.04 | 0.100 | 2.39 | 0.76-7.15 | 0.135 | 2.13 | 0.66-6.80 | 0.204 |
60-69 | 1.665 | 1.13-2.45 | 0.010 | 1.08 | 0.71-1.66 | 0.710 | 2.86 | 0.88-9.24 | 0.079 | 2.43 | 0.73-8.08 | 0.148 |
≥ 70 | 1.120 | 0.66-1.88 | 0.673 | 0.49 | 0.26-0.89 | 0.024 | 3.22 | 0.78-13.30 | 0.106 | 2.83 | 0.65-12.32 | 0.167 |
Duration of Diabetes (per year increase) | 1.110 | 1.09-1.13 | <0.0001 | 1.11 | 1.09-1.14 | <0.0001 | 1.050 | 1.00-1.10 | 0.046 | 1.04 | 0.99-1.09 | 0.123 |
HbA1c (per unit increase/ | 1.280 | 1.21-1.36 | <0.0001 | 1.26 | 1.19-1.35 | <0.0001 | 1.060 | 0.93-1.22 | 0.383 | 1.07 | 0.93-1.25 | 0.343 |