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Table 3 Univariate and multivariable analysis of factors associated with advanced or end stage glaucoma at presentation, using the most affected eye

From: Primary open angle glaucoma in northern Nigeria: stage at presentation and acceptance of treatment

  

Univariate analysis

Multivariable analysis

  

OR

95 % CI

P value

OR

95 % CI

P value

Sex

Male

1.0

  

1.0

  

Female

0.97

0.42-2.22

0.942

0.85

0.25-2.92

0.795

Age

Less than 50 years

1.0

  

1.0

  

>50 years

4.9

2.06-11.65

<0.001

3.45

1.24-9.58

0.017

Family history of glaucoma

Positive

1.0

  

1.0

  

Negative

0.53

0.21-1.29

0.16

0.39

0.12-1.28

0.122

Distance to hospital

10 km or less

1.0

  

1.0

  

More than 10km

3.27

1.24-8.67

0.017

2.74

0.75-10.09

0.129

Knowledge about glaucoma

Poor

1.0

  

1.0

  

Good

0.22

0.08-0.59

0.002

0.27

0.80-0.92

0.036

Literacy

Literate

1.0

  

1.0

  

Not literate

3.9

1.65-9.19

0.002

2.19

0.69-6.92

0.180

Awareness of having glaucoma

Yes

1.0

     

No

1.07

0.46-2.46

0.864

  

NS

Ethnicity

Hausa

1.0

     

Other

0.80

0.52-1.24

0.327

  

NS

Occupation

Professional/civil servants etc.

1.0

     

Traders/Artisans/farmers

1.40

0.58-3.39

0.301

  

NS

Housewife/unemployed

4.27

1.12-16.12

0.032

  

NS

Mode of presentation

Referred

1.0

     
 

Symptomatic

3.26

1.09-9.78

0.034

  

NS

 

Opportunistic

0.42

0.87-2.06

0.288

  

NS

 

First degree relative

1.69

0.33-8.67

0.525

  

NS

Residence

Rural

1.0

     

Urban

0.35

0.11-1.07

0.067

0.65

0.15-2.79

0.56

  1. OR = odds ratio; 95 % CI = 95 % confidence interval; NS = not statistically significant