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Table 2 Open-angle glaucoma and association with potential risk factors

From: Risk factors for open-angle glaucoma in Nigeria: results from the Nigeria National Blindness and Visual Impairment Survey

 

All eyes

OAG

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

 

n (%)

n (%)

OR

95 % CI

p-value

OR

95 % CI

p-value

 

26,316 (100 %)

682 (2.6 %)

      

Socio-demographic factors

       

 Age (years)

(Min 40)

 

Reference

  

Reference

  

 Increasing age

(Max 100)

 

1.06

1.06–1.07

<0.001

1.04

1.03–1.05

<0.001

 Gender

Female

328 (2.3)

Reference

  

Reference

  
 

Male

354 (2.9)

1.29

1.06–1.57

0.01

1.23

0.94–1.61

0.13

 Ethnic group

Hausa

113 (1.7)

Reference

  

Reference

  
 

Yoruba

150 (2.9)

1.71

1.24–2.36

0.001

1.10

0.75–1.63

0.62

 

Igbo

167 (4.5)

2.70

1.98–3.68

<0.001

1.73

1.18–2.56

0.01

 

Fulani

31 (1.9)

1.09

0.65–1.85

0.73

1.18

0.65–2.19

0.58

 

Kanuri

20 (2.9)

1.72

0.92–3.23

0.09

1.81

0.90–3.63

0.10

 

Tiv

15 (2.2)

1.30

0.64–2.62

0.47

1.03

0.42–2.52

0.96

 

Ijaw

14 (2.9)

1.69

0.86–3.35

0.13

1.51

0.50–4.60

0.47

 

Urhobo

7 (1.5)

0.85

0.32–2.23

0.74

0.69

0.24–1.97

0.48

 

Ibibio

10 (2.4)

1.43

0.62–3.27

0.40

1.29

0.58–2.89

0.53

 

Nupe

9 (2.2)

1.29

0.59–2.79

0.52

1.25

0.58–2.67

0.57

 

Others

144 (2.4)

1.38

1.01–1.90

0.05

1.13

0.75–1.70

0.57

 Literacy

Literate

235 (2.0)

Reference

  

Reference

  
 

Illiterate

447 (3.0)

1.50

1.22–1.84

<0.001

1.06

0.79–1.42

0.70

 Place of residence

Rural

527 (2.6)

Reference

  

Reference

  
 

Urban

155 (2.6)

1.02

0.81–1.28

0.88

1.14

0.85–1.54

0.38

Biophysical factors

       

 Hypertension

Normal

454 (2.4)

Reference

  

NI

  
 

Hypertension

223 (3.2)

1.38

1.12–1.70

0.002

   

 Blood pressure

Normal

454 (2.4)

Reference

  

Reference

  

 (severity of

stage 1 mild

110 (2.7)

1.15

0.88–1.51

0.31

0.87

0.57–1.33

0.52

 hypertension)

stage 2 moderate

68 (3.7)

1.61

1.16–2.24

0.01

1.05

0.58–1.90

0.87

 

stage 3 severe

45 (4.4)

1.91

1.27–2.88

0.002

1.05

0.45–2.45

0.90

 Systolic BP

(Min 60)

 

Reference

  

NI

  
 

(Max 259)

 

1.01

1.01–1.02

<0.001

   

 Diastolic BP

(Min 35)

 

Reference

  

NI

  
 

(Max 157)

 

1.01

1.00–1.02

0.002

   

 RBGa

Normal

141 (4.3)

Reference

  

NI

  
 

Diabetes

4 (4.1)

0.94

0.33–2.67

0.91

   

 Body mass index

Normal

406 (2.6)

Reference

  

Reference

  

 (Categories)

Underweight

116 (4.0)

1.60

1.21–2.10

0.001

1.29

0.91–1.83

0.16

 

Overweight

111 (2.2)

0.85

0.65–1.12

0.26

0.82

0.58–1.17

0.27

 

Obese

42 (1.9)

0.75

0.50–1.12

0.16

1.18

0.71–1.96

0.52

Ocular factors

        

 Axial length (mm)

(Min 18.4)

 

Reference

  

Reference

  
 

(Max 30.0)

 

1.14

1.03–1.26

0.01

0.99

0.89–1.10

0.88

I OP (mmHg)

(Min 5)

 

Reference

  

Reference

  
 

(Max 50)

 

1.21

1.18–1.23

<0.001

1.22

1.18–1.25

<0.001

 MOPP (mmHg)

(Min 6)

 

Reference

  

Reference

  
 

(Max 115)

 

0.96

0.95–0.97

<0.001

1.01

0.99–1.03

0.40

  1. BP blood pressure, IOP intraocular pressure, MOPP mean ocular perfusion pressure, NI not included in multivariable models, OAG open-angle glaucoma, RBG random blood glucose
  2. atested for 1641 persons only
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BMC Ophthalmology

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