Table 2 The number and frequency analysis of the clinical characteristics of patients with and without ophthalmoplegia for the study cohort
Variables | Total sample (n = 64,351) | Ophthalmoplegia | Cranial nerve palsy | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non Affected (n = 64,142) | Affected (n = 209) | P value | III (n = 76) | IV (n = 6) | VI (n = 111) | Multiple (n = 16) | |||
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
Gender | Male | 33,718 (52.40) | 33,566 (52.33) | 152 (72.73) | < 0.0001 | 54 (35.53) | 6 (3.95) | 77 (50.66) | 15 (9.87) |
Female | 30,633 (47.60) | 30,576 (47.67) | 57 (27.27) | < 0.0001 | 22 (38.60) | 0 (0.00) | 34 (59.65) | 1 (1.75) | |
Age (years) | 18-44 years | 12,916 (20.07) | 12,909 (20.12) | 7 (3.35) | < 0.0001 | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 6 (85.71) | 1 (14.29) |
45-64 years | 31,914 (49.59) | 31,812 (49.60) | 102 (48.80) | 0.819 | 34 (33.33) | 3 (2.94) | 60 (58.82) | 5 (4.90) | |
≥ 65 years | 19,521 (30.34) | 19,421 (30.28) | 100 (47.85) | < 0.0001 | 42 (42.00) | 3 (3.00) | 45 (45.00) | 10 (10.00) | |
Marital status | Single | 3,576 (5.55) | 3,574 (5.57) | 2 (0.96) | 0.004 | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (100.00) | 0 (0.00) |
Married | 57,567 (89.46) | 57,376 (89.45) | 191 (91.38) | 0.263 | 71 (37.17) | 5 (2.62) | 99 (51.83) | 16 (8.38) | |
Divorced | 642 (1.00) | 640 (1.00) | 2 (0.96) | 0.953 | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (100.00) | 0 (0.00) | |
Widow | 2,566 (3.99) | 2,552 (3.98) | 14 (6.70) | 0.450 | 5 (35.71) | 1 (7.14) | 8 (57.14) | 0 (0.00) | |
BMI | 18-24.9 | 11,841 (18.40) | 11,797 (18.39) | 44 (21.05) | 0.322 | 21 (47.73) | 1 (2.27) | 19 (43.18) | 3 (6.82) |
25-29.9 | 21,107 (32.80) | 21,023 (32.78) | 84 (40.19) | 0.023 | 27 (32.14) | 5 (5.95) | 45 (53.57) | 7 (8.33) | |
≥ 30 | 31,403 (48.80) | 31,322 (48.83) | 81 (38.76) | 0.004 | 28 (34.57) | 0 (0.00) | 47 (58.02) | 6 (7.41) | |
Type of Diabetes | Type 1 | 4,368 (6.79) | 4,366 (6.81) | 2 (0.96) | 0.001 | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (100.00) | 0 (0.00) |
Type 2 | 59,270 (92.11) | 59,063 (92.08) | 207 (99.04) | < 0.0001 | 76 (36.71) | 6 (2.90) | 109 (52.66) | 16 (7.73) | |
IGT | 659 (1.02) | 659 (1.03) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.284 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Secondary DM | 54 (0.08) | 54 (0.08) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.675 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Diabetes duration | < 10 | 24,273 (37.72) | 24,243 (37.80) | 30 (14.35) | < 0.0001 | 10 (33.33) | 1 (3.33) | 18 (60.00) | 1 (3.33) |
≥ 10 | 40,078 (62.28) | 39,899 (62.20) | 179 (85.65) | < 0.0001 | 66 (36.87) | 5 (2.79) | 93 (51.96) | 15 (8.38) | |
Smoking | 4,183 (6.50) | 4,174 (6.51) | 9 (4.31) | 0.213 | 3 (33.33) | 0 (0.00) | 5 (55.56) | 1 (11.11) | |
HbA1c | ≤ 7 | 14,992 (23.30) | 14,925 (23.27) | 67 (32.06) | 0.003 | 21 (31.34) | 2 (2.99) | 38 (56.72) | 6 (8.95) |
> 7 | 49,359 (76.70) | 49,217 (76.73) | 142 (67.94) | 0.003 | 55 (38.73) | 4 (2.82) | 73 (51.41) | 10 (7.04) | |
Insulin users | 19,756 (30.70) | 19,679 (30.68) | 77 (36.84) | 0.053 | 32 (41.56) | 1 (1.30) | 37 (48.05) | 7 (9.09) | |
Neuropathy | Poly neuropathy | 5,832 (9.06) | 5,826 (9.08) | 6 (2.87) | 0.002 | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 5 (83.33) | 1 (16.67) |
Autonomic neuropathy | 1,933 (3.00) | 1,929 (3.01) | 4 (1.91) | 0.538 | 2 (50.00) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (50.00) | 0 (0.00) | |
Retinopathy | NPDR | 5,123 (7.96) | 5,013 (7.82) | 110 (52.63) | < 0.0001 | 36 (32.73) | 6 (5.45) | 62 (56.36) | 6 (5.46) |
PDR | 6,146 (9.55) | 6,047 (9.43) | 99 (47.37) | < 0.0001 | 40 (40.40) | 0 (0.00) | 49 (49.50) | 10 (10.10) | |
ME | 2,914 (4.53) | 2,864 (4.47) | 50 (23.92) | <0.0001 | 16 (32.00) | 0 (0.00) | 29 (58.00) | 5 (10.00) | |
Nephropathy | 6,280 (9.76) | 6,245 (9.74) | 35 (16.75) | 0.01 | 11 (31.43) | 0 (0.00) | 17 (48.57) | 7 (20.00) | |
Cerebrovascular disease | 2,817 (4.38) | 2,808 (4.38) | 9 (4.31) | 0.960 | 3 (33.33) | 1 (11.11) | 4 (44.45) | 1 (11.11) | |
Hypertension | 29,455 (45.77) | 29,354 (45.76) | 101 (48.33) | 0.458 | 38 (37.62) | 1 (0.99) | 49 (48.52) | 13 (12.87) | |
Hyperlipidemia | 22,767 (35.38) | 22,716 (35.42) | 51 (24.40) | 0.001 | 22 (43.14) | 1 (1.96) | 26 (50.98) | 2 (3.92) | |