Table 1 Clinical presentations, radiographic findings, histopathological findings, treatments, and outcomes
Patient number/Duration of onset of complication/Location of implant | Age (yrsa) | Clinical presentation | Imaging studies | Histopathological findings/Results of culture | Treatments | Outcomes | F/Ub time (mosc) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1/8 years/Medial | 41 | Eye pain, diplopia with 2 mm hyperglobus, hypoesthesia for 14 days | Peri-implant soft tissue mass, clear sinus in CTe | Fibrosis with chronic inflammation and calcification/negative culture | Implant removal, mass debulking | Postoperative persistent hypoesthesia of the cheek, 0.5 mm of the hyperglobus | 4.7 |
2/3 years/Inferomedial | 69 | Persistent eyelid swelling for 5 months | Peri-implant low-signal intensity with surrounding tissue enhancement in T1-enhanced MRf, clear sinus | Foreign body granuloma/positive CoNSd culture | Implant removal, abscess drainage | Infection resolved without complications | 3.1 |
3/2 years/Medial | 51 | Eye pain, skin redness, conjunctival injection, eyelid swelling, hyperdeviation with diplopia for 2 days | D-shaped low density mass with enhanced rim, mucosal thickening of ethmoid and maxillary sinuses in CT | Chronic sinusitis with eosinophils, features compatible with inflammation in the nasal mucosa/negative culture | Implant removal, abscess drainage, sinus drainage by ENTg surgeons | 3 mm of enophthalmos | 5.1 |
4/10 month/Inferior | 35 | Eye pain, skin redness, conjunctival injection, eyelid swelling, proptosis for 1 day | D-shaped soft tissue-density mass with enhanced rim, mucosal thickening of ethmoid and maxillary sinuses in CT | Chronic inflammation in the nasal mucosal tissue/negative culture | Implant removal, abscess drainage, sinus drainage by ENT surgeons | Infection resolved without complications | 2.1 |