Table 5 Comparative analysis before and after cessation of smartphone use for 4 weeks in the DED group

PEE (%) baseline

100

93.3

0.50^a

After 4 weeks

86.7

0

<0.001^a

TBUT (sec) baseline

9.20 ± 1.93

10.00 ± 3.25

0.42^c

After 4 weeks

9.47 ± 1.88

11.33 ± 2.29

<0.001^b

OSDI score baseline

35.76 ± 14.80

30.74 ± 13.36

0.34^c

After 4 weeks

30.13 ± 13.22

14.53 ± 2.23

<0.001^b

DED (%) baseline

100

100

4 weeks

86.7

0

<0.001^a