From: Gestational diabetes mellitus and retinal microvasculature
Characteristics | Participants | p value* | |
---|---|---|---|
Included (n = 542) (mean, SD) | Excluded (n = 594) (mean, SD) | ||
Age (years) | 30.5, 5.5 | 31.2, 4.8 | 0.02 |
Ethnicity, Chinese | 47.1% | 52.5% | 0.64 |
Maternal Education, University | 25.2% | 31.0% | 0.91 |
Household income, >SGD 6000/month | 27.6% | 26.3% | 0.76 |
History of hypertension, Yes | 2.4% | 1.8% | 0.85 |
Family history of diabetes, Yes | 27.1% | 22.8% | 0.75 |
Cigarette smoking history, Yes (%) | 10.5% | 10.3% | 0.40 |
Alcohol drinking history, Yes | 33.8% | 32.00% | 0.91 |
Pre-pregnancy weight (kg) | 56.8, 11.9 | 56.9, 11.1 | 0.98 |
BMI at 26–28 weeks’ pregnancy (kg/m2) | 26. 2, 4.6 | 26.0, 4.7 | 0.48 |
gestational diabetes (GDM) onset, Yes | 16.2% | 17.7% | 0.93 |
CRAE (μm) | 121.0, 9.0 | 120.6, 8.9 | 0.62 |
CRVE (μm) | 171.4, 12.7 | 170.0, 12.9 | 0.18 |