Table 1 Comparisons of clinical characteristics between T1D pediatric patients with good and poor glycemic control
Good glycemic control | Poor glycemic control | p value* | |
|---|---|---|---|
(n = 27) | (n = 28) | ||
mean, SD or n, % | mean, SD or n, % | ||
Baseline characteristics, | |||
Age, years | 13.3, 1.9 | 13.0, 1.8 | 0.45 |
Sex, male | 14, 51.9% | 11, 39.3% | 0.35 |
Ethnicity, | |||
Chinese | 20, 74.1% | 13, 46.4% | 0.05 |
Malay | 2, 7.4% | 9, 32.1% | |
Indian | 5, 18.5% | 6, 21.4% | |
Duration of diagnosis, years | 4.17, 3.8 | 5.64, 3.1 | 0.12 |
Anthropometric measures, | |||
SBP, mmHg | 106.2, 10.8 | 104.6, 11.2 | 0.85 |
DBP, mmHg | 64.9, 7.1 | 61.7 5.8 | 0.10 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 19.4, 3.2 | 20.4, 2.9 | 0.25 |
Serum biomarkers, | |||
LDL, mmol/L | 2.9, 0.9 | 3.1, 0.9 | 0.49 |
uACR, mg/g | 1.4, 1.8 | 1.0, 0.8 | 0.60 |
Retinal vascular parameters | |||
Retinal arterioles, | |||
Caliber, μm | 133.8, 10.6 | 139.8, 9.5 | 0.03 |
Fractal dimension, Df | 1.22, 0.05 | 1.21, 0.06 | 0.24 |
Branching angle, D | 78.3, 14.7 | 85.8, 11.8 | 0.04 |
Curvature Tortuosity, unit | 9.1E-5, 1.7E-5 | 9.8E-5, 2.5E-5 | 0.27 |
Retinal venules, | |||
Caliber, μm | 188.2, 13.1 | 196.3, 22.3 | 0.11 |
Fractal dimension, Df | 1.22, 0.04 | 1.20, 0.04 | 0.11 |
Branching angle, D | 77.7, 10.9 | 77.1, 9.8 | 0.85 |
Curvature Tortuosity, unit | 9.4E-5, 1.7E-5 | 9.5E-5, 1.5E-5 | 0.81 |