Table 1 Clinical characteristics of retinoblastoma patients with CNS metastasis
From: Characterization, treatment and prognosis of retinoblastoma with central nervous system metastasis
Characteristics | Data |
|---|---|
Gender (male), n (%) | 14 (45.2) |
Age at presentation (months), median (range) | 29 (5 to 108) |
Laterality | |
Bilateral, n (%) | 8 (25.8) |
Unilateral, n (%) | 23 (74.2) |
Right eyes, n (%) | 14 (60.9) |
Family history, n (%) | 1 (3.2) |
Lag period between first symptom and initiation of treatment (months), median (range) | 3 (0.03–21) |
T stages at first diagnosis | 1 (1–24) |
M stage at first diagnosis | 6 (0.5–12) |
TNM stages at first diagnosis, n (%) | |
T1 | 3 (9.7) |
T2 | 0 |
T3 | 10 (32.3), (T3a:6; T3b:4) |
T4 | 4 (12.9), (T4a:3; T4b:1) |
M | 14 (45.2) |
MRI features, n (%) | |
Meningeal involvement | 16 (56.6) |
Meningeal and spinal cord membrane involvement | 5 (16.1) |
Intracranial mass | 12 (38.7) |
Thickened optic nerve | 11 (35.5) |
Involvement of other systematic organs, n (%) | |
CNS with intraorbital involvement | 12 (38.7) |
CNS with bone | 10 (32.3) |
CNS with bone marrow | 1 (3.2) |
CNS with lung | 2 (6.5) |
CNS with pleura | 1 (3.2) |
CNS with mass of the lateral wall of pelvis | 1 (3.2) |
Surgery | |
Enucleation | 24 (77.4) |
Exenteration | 5 (16.1) |
CSF cytology positive | 12 (44.4, 12/27) |