From: Ocular surface health in Shanghai University students: a cross-sectional study
Dzry eye disease | Cornea fluorescein staining | Corneal sensation | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (N = 901) | Absent (N = 733) | Present (N = 94) | P-value | ≤ 1 (N = 796) | >1 (N = 89) | P-value | >30 mm (N = 780) | ≤ 30 mm (N = 105) | P-value | |
I feel more nervous and anxious than usual. | 0.1332a | 0.9415a | 0.4303a | |||||||
A little or some of the time | 491 (56.1%) | 414 (57.1%) | 46 (48.9%) | 442 (56.1%) | 49 (55.7%) | 437 (56.5%) | 54 (52.4%) | |||
Good part or most of the time | 385 (43.9%) | 311 (42.9%) | 48 (51.1%) | 346 (43.9%) | 39 (44.3%) | 336 (43.5%) | 49 (47.6%) | |||
I feel afraid for no reason at all. | 0.0023a | 0.6147a | 0.6648a | |||||||
A little or some of the time | 684 (78.4%) | 576 (79.8%) | 62 (66.0%) | 614 (78.1%) | 70 (80.5%) | 605 (78.6%) | 79 (76.7%) | |||
Good part or most of the time | 189 (21.6%) | 146 (20.2%) | 32 (34.0%) | 172 (21.9%) | 17 (19.5%) | 165 (21.4%) | 24 (23.3%) | |||
I get upset easily or feel panicky. | 0.0004a | 0.7419a | 0.5343a | |||||||
A little or some of the time | 551 (63.0%) | 472 (65.0%) | 43 (46.2%) | 497 (63.2%) | 54 (61.4%) | 489 (63.3%) | 62 (60.2%) | |||
Good part or most of the time | 324 (37.0%) | 254 (35.0%) | 50 (53.8%) | 290 (36.8%) | 34 (38.6%) | 283 (36.7%) | 41 (39.8%) | |||
I feel like I’m falling apart and going to pieces. | 0.1458a | 0.5045a | 0.7820a | |||||||
A little or some of the time | 757 (86.3%) | 634 (87.3%) | 77 (81.9%) | 679 (86.1%) | 78 (88.6%) | 669 (86.4%) | 88 (85.4%) | |||
Good part or most of the time | 120 (13.7%) | 92 (12.7%) | 17 (18.1%) | 110 (13.9%) | 10 (11.4%) | 105 (13.6%) | 15 (14.6%) | |||
I feel that everything is all right and nothing bad will happen. | 0.3091a | 0.1519a | 0.4895a | |||||||
A little or some of the time | 142 (16.2%) | 122 (16.9%) | 12 (12.8%) | 123 (15.6%) | 19 (21.6%) | 128 (16.6%) | 14 (13.9%) | |||
Good part or most of the time | 732 (83.8%) | 600 (83.1%) | 82 (87.2%) | 663 (84.4%) | 69 (78.4%) | 645 (83.4%) | 87 (86.1%) | |||
My arms and legs shake and tremble. | 0.3031a | 0.3375a | 0.5465a | |||||||
A little or some of the time | 761 (87.2%) | 633 (87.8%) | 79 (84.0%) | 688 (87.5%) | 73 (83.9%) | 674 (87.4%) | 87 (85.3%) | |||
Good part or most of the time | 112 (12.8%) | 88 (12.2%) | 15 (16.0%) | 98 (12.5%) | 14 (16.1%) | 97 (12.6%) | 15 (14.7%) | |||
I am bothered by headaches neck and back pain. | 0.0101a | 0.2039a | 0.6391a | |||||||
A little or some of the time | 503 (57.5%) | 432 (59.7%) | 43 (45.7%) | 458 (58.2%) | 45 (51.1%) | 446 (57.8%) | 57 (55.3%) | |||
Good part or most of the time | 372 (42.5%) | 292 (40.3%) | 51 (54.3%) | 329 (41.8%) | 43 (48.9%) | 326 (42.2%) | 46 (44.7%) | |||
I feel weak and get tired easily. | 0.0004a | 0.6428a | 0.1817a | |||||||
A little or some of the time | 322 (36.8%) | 281 (38.8%) | 19 (20.2%) | 292 (37.0%) | 30 (34.5%) | 278 (36.0%) | 44 (42.7%) | |||
Good part or most of the time | 554 (63.2%) | 444 (61.2%) | 75 (79.8%) | 497 (63.0%) | 57 (65.5%) | 495 (64.0%) | 59 (57.3%) | |||
I feel calm and can sit still easily. | 0.3764a | 0.2911a | 0.7117a | |||||||
A little or some of the time | 274 (31.4%) | 232 (32.0%) | 25 (27.5%) | 251 (32.0%) | 23 (26.4%) | 240 (31.2%) | 34 (33.0%) | |||
Good part or most of the time | 598 (68.6%) | 492 (68.0%) | 66 (72.5%) | 534 (68.0%) | 64 (73.6%) | 529 (68.8%) | 69 (67.0%) | |||
I can feel my heart beating fast. | 0.0550a | 0.9174a | 0.6683a | |||||||
A little or some of the time | 653 (74.5%) | 545 (75.2%) | 62 (66.0%) | 587 (74.5%) | 66 (75.0%) | 578 (74.8%) | 75 (72.8%) | |||
Good part or most of the time | 223 (25.5%) | 180 (24.8%) | 32 (34.0%) | 201 (25.5%) | 22 (25.0%) | 195 (25.2%) | 28 (27.2%) | |||
I am bothered by dizzy spells. | 0.0004a | 0.8430a | 0.5927a | |||||||
A little or some of the time | 692 (78.7%) | 587 (80.7%) | 61 (64.9%) | 622 (78.6%) | 70 (79.5%) | 613 (79.0%) | 79 (76.7%) | |||
Good part or most of the time | 187 (21.3%) | 140 (19.3%) | 33 (35.1%) | 169 (21.4%) | 18 (20.5%) | 163 (21.0%) | 24 (23.3%) | |||
I have fainting spells or feel like it. | 0.0175a | 0.8478a | 0.2952a | |||||||
A little or some of the time | 772 (88.1%) | 646 (89.1%) | 75 (80.6%) | 695 (88.2%) | 77 (87.5%) | 678 (87.7%) | 94 (91.3%) | |||
Good part or most of the time | 104 (11.9%) | 79 (10.9%) | 18 (19.4%) | 93 (11.8%) | 11 (12.5%) | 95 (12.3%) | 9 (8.7%) | |||
I can breathe in and out easily. | 0.8312a | 0.4371a | 0.9660a | |||||||
A little or some of the time | 424 (48.3%) | 352 (48.5%) | 44 (47.3%) | 378 (47.9%) | 46 (52.3%) | 374 (48.3%) | 50 (48.5%) | |||
Good part or most of the time | 453 (51.7%) | 374 (51.5%) | 49 (52.7%) | 411 (52.1%) | 42 (47.7%) | 400 (51.7%) | 53 (51.5%) | |||
I get numbness and tingling in my fingers and toes. | 0.9498a | 0.8044a | 0.5168a | |||||||
A little or some of the time | 763 (87.2%) | 634 (87.3%) | 81 (87.1%) | 687 (87.3%) | 76 (86.4%) | 672 (86.9%) | 91 (89.2%) | |||
Good part or most of the time | 112 (12.8%) | 92 (12.7%) | 12 (12.9%) | 100 (12.7%) | 12 (13.6%) | 101 (13.1%) | 11 (10.8%) | |||
I am bothered by stomach aches or indigestion. | 0.0001a | 0.1914a | 0.0392a | |||||||
A little or some of the time | 574 (65.4%) | 494 (68.0%) | 45 (47.9%) | 522 (66.1%) | 52 (59.1%) | 498 (64.2%) | 76 (74.5%) | |||
Good part or most of the time | 304 (34.6%) | 232 (32.0%) | 49 (52.1%) | 268 (33.9%) | 36 (40.9%) | 278 (35.8%) | 26 (25.5%) | |||
I have to empty my bladder often. | 0.3573a | 0.0958a | 0.8032a | |||||||
A little or some of the time | 609 (69.5%) | 511 (70.6%) | 62 (66.0%) | 541 (68.7%) | 68 (77.3%) | 537 (69.4%) | 72 (70.6%) | |||
Good part or most of the time | 267 (30.5%) | 213 (29.4%) | 32 (34.0%) | 247 (31.3%) | 20 (22.7%) | 237 (30.6%) | 30 (29.4%) | |||
My hands are usually dry and warm. | 0.6917a | 0.2221a | 0.4782a | |||||||
A little or some of the time | 288 (32.8%) | 240 (33.1%) | 33 (35.1%) | 254 (32.2%) | 34 (38.6%) | 251 (32.4%) | 37 (35.9%) | |||
Good part or most of the time | 589 (67.2%) | 486 (66.9%) | 61 (64.9%) | 535 (67.8%) | 54 (61.4%) | 523 (67.6%) | 66 (64.1%) | |||
My face gets hot and blushes. | 0.0039a | 0.0704a | 0.0303a | |||||||
A little or some of the time | 625 (71.3%) | 528 (72.8%) | 55 (58.5%) | 555 (70.3%) | 70 (79.5%) | 543 (70.1%) | 82 (80.4%) | |||
Good part or most of the time | 252 (28.7%) | 197 (27.2%) | 39 (41.5%) | 234 (29.7%) | 18 (20.5%) | 232 (29.9%) | 20 (19.6%) | |||
I fall asleep easily and get a good night’s rest. | 0.9241a | 0.3199a | 0.8477a | |||||||
A little or some of the time | 291 (33.1%) | 243 (33.5%) | 31 (33.0%) | 266 (33.7%) | 25 (28.4%) | 256 (33.0%) | 35 (34.0%) | |||
Good part or most of the time | 587 (66.9%) | 483 (66.5%) | 63 (67.0%) | 524 (66.3%) | 63 (71.6%) | 519 (67.0%) | 68 (66.0%) | |||
I have nightmares. | 0.3115a | 0.2875a | 0.2757a | |||||||
A little or some of the time | 637 (72.5%) | 531 (73.0%) | 64 (68.1%) | 569 (71.9%) | 68 (77.3%) | 567 (73.1%) | 70 (68.0%) | |||
Good part or most of the time | 242 (27.5%) | 196 (27.0%) | 30 (31.9%) | 222 (28.1%) | 20 (22.7%) | 209 (26.9%) | 33 (32.0%) |