Article | Yuen HK 2004 | Zhang B 2012 | Najjar DM 2004 | Najjar DM 2004 | Hua MT 2010 | Case 1 in our report | Case 2 in our report |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 40 | 19 | 49 | 45 | 26 | 44 | 28 |
Gender | Male | Male | Male | Female | Male | Male | Male |
Chemical | hydrogen peroxide | sodium cyanide | sodium hydroxide | unknown | ammonia | sodium hydroxide | sodium hydroxide |
Onset | 3 days | 4 days | 4 months | 4 months | 2 months | 6 weeks | 5 weeks |
Location | inferior | Extensive | inferior | inferior | Inferior | inferonasal | inferior |
Exam | Slit lamp | UBM | Slit lamp | Slit lamp | Slit lamp | AS-OCT | AS-OCT |
Initial VA | HM | 20/800 | 20/80 | 20/800 | HM | HM | 20/200 |
Hyphema | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
Management | Intracameral 20% SF6 injection | 1% prednisolone and 0.5% levofloxacin eye drops | Intracameral 18% SF6 injection | unknown | Intracameral air bubble injection | Intracameral 12% C3F8 Intracameral | 1% prednisolone and 5% NaCl eye drops |
Outcome | reattached | reattached | unresponsive | unknown | unknown | unresponsive | unresponsive |
Final VA | 20/30 | 20/100 | 20/400 | unknown | unknown | 20/50 | HM |
Proposed mechanism | hydrogen peroxide penetrated and formed gas anterior to DM | Severe cellular damage in the stroma and endothelial layer | 1) an inflammatory retrocorneal membrane associated with an organizing hyphema that pulled on DM leading to its detachment.2) retrocorneal membrane develop neovascularization that rupture and fill the space between DM and stroma | Not proposed | contraction of fibrous exudates pulls on the iris and DM together to its detachment | ||
Associated evidences | gas bubble between corneal stroma and Descemet membrane. | no normal keratocytes /endothelial cells could be detected by in vivo confocal microscopy | a thickened, detached DM associated with a hyphema | Accompanied with hyphema | AS-OCT showed that the detached DM was thick and adherent to the iris. There is no hyphema |