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Table 4 Ocular motility disorder outcome measures and measurements

From: Development of a core outcome set for amblyopia, strabismus and ocular motility disorders: a review to identify outcome measures

Outcome measure domain

Studies reported the outcome measure (n/68)

Variable subdomains of outcome measure

Variable outcome measurements

References

Range of eye movement

23 (34%)

Range of eye movement/Change in extraocular motility 14

Determination of range of motility 4

Oculomotor range/amount of ductions 4

Restriction of eye movements 3

Motility assessment 3

Quantitative measurement of eye movement 1

Assessment of ocular muscle contracture 1

Gradation of movements 2

A scale of − 4 underaction to + 4 overaction, with 0 being normal 2

Forced duction test 2

The CROM score 2

A and V patterns 1

Two-step test 1

Monocular (ductions) and binocular (versions) 1

Cover/uncover test 1

Videotaped, measured the nine positions of gaze directly on photographs 1

Downshoot 1

[80,81,82, 89, 90, 92, 93, 95, 102, 108, 111, 115, 116, 119, 121, 129, 130, 132, 134, 138, 139, 141, 144]

Health-related quality of Life

19 (28%)

Improvement in HRQoL 16

Patient satisfaction and functional measurements 2

Participant and physician- reported global health assessment 1

Aesthetic outcome 1

Appearance of the eye 1

Functional outcome 1

Being able to drive after strabismus surgery 1

Validated questionnaires 6

Short Form 36 (SF-36) 2

Sickness Index Profile (SIP) 1

Visual analogue scale 1

NEI-VFQ-25 3

Visual analogue scale 1

[80, 82, 84, 87, 91, 95,96,97, 104, 107, 109,110,111, 115, 116, 125, 126, 142, 143]

Improvement in diplopia

18 (26%)

Recovery in diplopia 18

Disappearance of diplopia in primary gaze 2

No diplopia in primary position and downgaze

with prisms or without prisms 1

Subjective diplopia score (Gorman scale) 5

Diplopia score within GO-QOL questionnaire 1

A field diplopia test 1

[89, 93, 101, 105, 106, 108, 111, 112, 114,115,116, 119, 127, 133, 134, 141, 144, 146]

Visual acuity

15 (22%)

Visual Acuity/BCVA 11

Binocular BCVA 5

Near VA 1

Estimated VA 1

Log MAR or Snellen 4

Snellen 1

Pattern reversal VEP 1

Subjective score within GO-QoL questionnaire 1

[85,86,87, 96,97,98, 101, 108, 112, 119, 120, 124, 126, 145, 147]

Motor alignment

14 (21%)

Deviation 4

Objective torsion 4

Ocular alignment

testing 2

Phoria 2

Alignment in primary position 1

Incomitance 1

A & V pattern 1

Pattern deviation and horizontal deviation 2

Subjective torsion 1

PACT 2

Indirect ophthalmoscopy 2

Cover tests 1

PCT 1

Krimsky 1

Synoptophore 1

Maddox rod to test overcorrection > 20 degrees 1

Double Maddox rod test 1

[106, 110, 121, 124, 128, 130,131,132, 134, 136, 138,139,140, 147]

Adverse events

10 (15%)

Related to steroids 2

Related to Rituximab 1

Related to radiotherapy 1

Related to acupuncture 1

Surgical complications 1

Vision loss/retro orbital hematoma post reconstruction 1

Surgery-induced strabismus or visual loss 1

Post op drift 1

 

[82, 84, 93, 99, 111, 126, 127, 130, 136, 146]

Improvement in symptoms

9 (13%)

CI symptoms 5

Ocular myasthenia symptoms 1

Oscillopsia or blur in nystagmus 1

Patient-reported symptoms post brain injury 1

(CISS) Version-15/CISS score 6

Patient record or notes/questionnaire 1

[80, 117, 123,124,125, 127, 128, 137, 147]

Improvement in abnormal head posture

7 (10%)

 

(In degrees) 2

Inspection 1

[106, 120, 126, 129, 131, 132, 134]

Increasing the field of binocular single vision (BSV)

4 (6%)

 

Goldman

perimeter with the

score system of

Sullivan 1

Worth four dot test 1

CROM device 1

[80, 110, 130, 134]

Stereopsis

4 (6%)

Presence of stereopsis 2

Steroacuity 2

TNO stereo test 1

[80, 106, 124, 140]

  1. HR-QoL Health-related quality of life, Q questionnaire, CROM cervical range of motion, NEI-VFQ National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire, SF Short Form, BCVA Best Corrected Visual Acuity, VEP Visual Evoked Potential, GO-QoL Graves Ophthalmopathy Quality of Life, APCT Alternate Prism Cover Test, PCT Prism Cover Test, TED Thyroid Eye Disease, CISS Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey, TNO The Netherland Organisation