Table 1 Characteristics of included studies
Review &Type of Study | Databases searched and last assessed | No. of primary studies (sample size) | Ethnicity | Age range (average age) in years | Treatment | Control | Overview outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Walline et al. 2011 [5] SR & meta-analysis | CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, mRCT, ClinicalTrials.gov (10/2011) | 23 (4696) | Israel, Malaysia, China, USA, Finland, Hong Kong, Japan, Taiwan, Denmark | 6–18 | Undercorrection, multifocal spectacles, bifocal soft contact lenses, novel lenses, RGPCLs, anti-muscarinic medications | Full correction spectacles, SVLs, single vision contact lenses, placebo | Change in RE, change in AL |
Sherwin et al. 2012 [36] SR & meta-analysis | MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CENTRAL (NA) | 23 (80–3009) | Singapore, Australia, Jordan, China, USA | 0.5–20 | Outdoor exposure | NA | Risk for myopia progression |
Wen et al. 2015 [33] SR & meta-analysis | MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, WHO international Clinical Trials Registry Platform, ClinicalTrials.gov (11/2014) | 8 (769) | Chinese, Caucasian, Japanese | 6–15 | OK | Single vision spectacles, contact lenses | Change in AL |
Xiong et al. 2017 [12] SR & meta-analysis | PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library (12/2015) | 25 (50–5048) | China, Taiwan, Singapore, Australia, UK, USA, Turkey | 6–18a | Outdoor exposure | NA | Risk of myopia progression |
Gong et al. 2017 [9] SR & meta-analysis | PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (04/2016) | 19 (3137) | Taiwan, USA, Singapore, China, Hong Kong | 5–17 | Atropine | Atropine, control conditions | Myopia progression, adverse events |
Saw et al. 2002 [6] SR | MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Science Citation Index (2000) | 26 (32–247) | Taiwan, USA, Finland, Denmark | NA | Atropine, timolol, bifocals, multifocal lenses, multifocal lenses + atropine, contact lenses | Tropicamide, cyclopentolate, lenses, bifocals, single vision spectacles | Change in RE |
Wei et al. 2011 [27] SR | CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED, LILACS, mRCT, ClinicalTrials.gov, NCCAM, CBM, CNKI, VIP (07/2011) | 2 (131) | Taiwan | <  18 | Auricular stimulation with 0.25% atropine, acupressure and interactive multimedia | Placebo, sham acupuncture, atropine eyedrops 0.25% or 0.5%, non-specific treatment, e.g. vitamin E, spectacles | Change in RE, change in AL |
Chassine et al. 2015 [38] SR | MEDLINE, Google Scholar (12/2014) | 19 (26–1209) | Αustralia, Singapore, China, USA, Malaysia, Canada, New Zealand, Russia | NA | Outdoor activity, atropine, undercorrection, bifocal (prismatic) spectacles, CLs, multifocal SCLs, OK, RGPCLs | Full correction, SVLs, atropine, PALs, SCLs | Myopia progression |
Shih et al. 2016 [28] SR | US FDA website, PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Library (04/2015) | 5 (96–400) | Taiwan, Singapore | 6–13 | Atropine 0.1–1% | Saline, cyclopentolate, atropine, tropicamide, atropine + multifocal spectacles, multifocal spectacles, SVLs | Change in RE, adverse events |
Song et al. 2011 [29] Meta-analysis | Cochrane Library, PubMed, US FDA website, ClinicalTrials.gov, European regulatory authorities, manufacturer’s product information sheets, CBMDISC (2009) | 6 (823) | Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore | 5–15 | Atropine 0.1–1% | Atropine, atropine + multifocal spectacles, multifocal spectacles/SVLs, auricular acupoints, tropicamide, cyclopentolate | Change in RE, change in AL |
Li et al. 2011 [30] Meta-analysis | MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Science Citation Index, Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, WHO international Clinical Trials Registry Platform, ClinicalTrials.gov (10/2010) | 9 (1464) | USA, Hong Kong, China, Taiwan, Japan, Canada, Finland | 6–13 | Multifocal lenses (bifocal lenses, PALs) | SVLs | Change in RE, change in AL |
Li et al. 2014 [37] Meta-analysis | MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, WHO international Clinical Trials Registry Platform, ClinicalTrials.gov (04/2013) | 11 (1815) | Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, United States | 8–15 | Atropine 0.025–1% | Placebo, Tropicamide, blank | Change in RE |
Sun et al. 2015 [31] Meta-analysis | MEDLINE, EMBASE (01/2014) | 7 (435) | Hong Kong, Japan, Spain, USA | 6–16 | OK | Spectacles, SCLs | Change in AL |
Si et al. 2015 [32] Meta-analysis | PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library (11/2013) | 7 (435) | Hong Kong, Japan, Spain, USA | 6–16 | OK | SVLs, spectacles, SCLs | Change in AL |
Li et al. 2016 [10] Meta-analysis | MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, WHO international Clinical Trials Registry Platform, ClinicalTrials.gov (01/2015) | 9 (667) | Hong Kong, Japan, China, Spain | 6–16 | OK | SVLs | Change in AL, adverse events |
Li et al. 2017 [11] Meta-analysis | MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, WHO international Clinical Trials Registry Platform, ClinicalTrials.gov (05/2016) | 8 (587) | USA, China, Hong Kong, New Zealand, Japan, Spain | 6–18 | SCLs with concentric ring bifocal and peripheral add multifocal designs | single vision SCLs or spectacles | Change in RE, change in AL |
Cui et al. 2017 [35] Meta-analysis | MEDLINE, Cochrane, EMBASE, Google Scholar (09/2015) | 5 (673) | USA, Singapore, East Asia | 6–16 | RGPCLs | SCLs, spectacles, OK | Change in RE, change in AL |
Huang et al. 2016 [34] Network meta-analysis | MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, WHO international Clinical Trials Registry Platform, ClinicalTrials.gov (08/2014) | 30 (5387) | Israel, Malaysia, Hong Kong, USA, Denmark, Finland, Japan, China, New England, Singapore, Taiwan | < 18 | Atropine, pirenzepine, timolol, cyclopentolate, SVLs, OK, RGPCLs, bifocal spectacles outdoor activity, PALs, prismatic bifocals, peripheral defocus modifying spectacles and lenses, SCLs | Tropicamide, SVLs | Change in RE, change in AL |