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Table 4 Primary outcomes from baseline (2 years) – Change in refractive error

From: Efficacy and safety of interventions to control myopia progression in children: an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses

Outcome

Comparison

Number of subjects (primary studies)

Measure of effect (95% CI)

Direction of effect

I2 (%)

Change in refractive error

Undercorrected versus fully corrected spectacles

142 (2)

MD = 0.17 (0.12 to 0.23)

Favours fully corrected spectacles

0

Bifocal spectacles versus single vision lens spectacles

351 (3)

MD = − 0.19 (− 0.59 to 0.21)

Favours bifocal spectacles

85

1% atropine versus placebo

400 (1)

MD = − 0.92 (− 1.08 to − 0.76)

Favours atropine

N/A

2% pirenzepine gel versus placebo

74 (1)

MD = − 0.41 (− 0.70 to − 0.12)

Favours pirenzepine

N/A

RGPCLs versus spectacles or SCLs

398 (2)

MD = − 0.16 (− 0.33 to − 0.00)

Favours RGPCLs

92

Concentric ring bifocal SCLs versus SVSCLs

128 (1)

MD = − 0.20 (− 0.38 to − 0.02)

Favours concentric ring bifocal SCLs

N/A

Peripheral add multifocal SCLs versus SVLs

99 (2)

MD = − 0.50 (− 0.65 to − 0.35)

Favours peripheral add multifocal SCLs

0

ΟΚ versus SCLs or SVLs

39 (1)

MD = − 0.66 (−1.01 to − 0.31)

Favours OK

N/A

PALs versus SVLs

940 (4)

MD = − 0.15 (− 0.40 to 0.11)

Favours PALs

89

  1. CI confidence interval, MD Mean Difference, N/A not applicable, PALs progressive addition lenses, RGPCLs rigid gas permeable contact lenses, SCLs soft contact lenses, SVLs single vision lenses, SVSCLs single vision soft contact lenses