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Table 4 Comparison of total hemorrhage area, hemorrhage lesion number, maximum hemorrhage area, total exudation area, exudation lesion number, and maximum exudation area among different DR stages

From: The diagnostic accuracy of an intelligent and automated fundus disease image assessment system with lesion quantitative function (SmartEye) in diabetic patients

Dependent variable

Group

Mean difference

Standard error

P

95% Confidence Interval

Lower limit

Upper limit

Hemorrhage area

aGroup 1

aGroup 2

−14,297.535*

3042.766

< 0.001

−20,344.39

− 8250.68

aGroup 3

−15,558.166*

3262.459

< 0.001

−22,041.62

− 9074.71

Group 2

Group 1

14,297.535*

3042.766

< 0.001

8250.68

20,344.39

Group 3

− 1260.631

3464.848

.717

− 8146.29

5625.03

Group 3

Group 1

15,558.166*

3262.459

< 0.001

9074.71

22,041.62

Group 2

1260.631

3464.848

.717

− 5625.03

8146.29

Hemorrhage lesion number

Group 1

Group 2

−23.364*

2.721

< 0.001

−28.77

−17.96

Group 3

−8.091*

2.918

.007

−13.89

−2.29

Group 2

Group 1

23.364*

2.721

< 0.001

17.96

28.77

Group 3

15.273*

3.099

< 0.001

9.11

21.43

Group 3

Group 1

8.091*

2.918

.007

2.29

13.89

Group 2

−15.273*

3.099

< 0.001

−21.43

−9.11

Maximum hemorrhage area

Group 1

Group 2

− 2959.526*

1039.915

.006

− 5026.14

− 892.91

Group 3

− 6497.670*

1114.998

< 0.001

− 8713.49

− 4281.85

Group 2

Group 1

2959.526*

1039.915

.006

892.91

5026.14

Group 3

− 3538.144*

1184.168

.004

− 5891.43

− 1184.86

Group 3

Group 1

6497.670*

1114.998

< 0.001

4281.85

8713.49

Group 2

3538.144*

1184.168

.004

1184.86

5891.43

Exudation area

Group 1

Group 2

− 5093.435

2754.178

.068

−10,566.79

379.92

Group 3

−13,566.408*

2953.034

< 0.001

−19,434.94

− 7697.87

Group 2

Group 1

5093.435

2754.178

.068

− 379.92

10,566.79

Group 3

− 8472.973*

3136.228

.008

−14,705.57

− 2240.38

Group 3

Group 1

13,566.408*

2953.034

< 0.001

7697.87

19,434.94

Group 2

8472.973*

3136.228

.008

2240.38

14,705.57

Exudation lesion number

Group 1

Group 2

−14.655*

4.399

.001

−23.40

−5.91

Group 3

−5.957

4.716

.210

−15.33

3.42

Group 2

Group 1

14.655*

4.399

.001

5.91

23.40

Group 3

8.699

5.009

.086

−1.26

18.65

Group 3

Group 1

5.957

4.716

.210

−3.42

15.33

Group 2

−8.699

5.009

.086

−18.65

1.26

Maximum exudation area

Group 1

Group 2

− 1043.818

1131.248

.359

− 3291.94

1204.30

Group 3

− 6505.911*

1212.926

< 0.001

− 8916.35

− 4095.48

Group 2

Group 1

1043.818

1131.248

.359

− 1204.30

3291.94

Group 3

− 5462.093*

1288.171

< 0.001

− 8022.06

− 2902.12

Group 3

Group 1

6505.911*

1212.926

< 0.001

4095.48

8916.35

Group 2

5462.093*

1288.171

< 0.001

2902.12

8022.06

  1. *p < 0.05
  2. a Group 1, mild NPDR and moderate NPDR; group 2, severe NPDR; group 3, PDR
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BMC Ophthalmology

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