Table 1 Cross-sectional studies reporting the prevalence of myopia in school children
From: A review on the epidemiology of myopia in school children worldwide
Study | Region | Country | Cycloplegia | Definition | Participants | Age range/cohort | Mean Age | Prevalence (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Li et al. 2017 [10] | Asia (East) | China | Yes | SE < -0.5 D | 37,424 | 3rd year junior high school | 15.25 ± 0.46 | 65.48% (N/A) |
Pan et al. 2017 [11] | Asia (East) | China | Yes | SE < -0.5 D | 2346 | 13–14 years (grade 7) | 13.8 ± 0.8 | 29.5% (27.7–31.4%) |
Guo et al. 2016 [12] | Asia (East) | China | Yes | SE ≤ -0.5 D | 3055 | primary and middle school (grades 1–9) | 13.6 ± 1.6 | 47.4% (45.6–49.2%) |
Zhou et al. 2016 [13] | Asia (East) | China | Yes | SE ≤ -0.5 D | 3469 | follow-up from 6 to 15 years of age | N/A | 54.9% (45.2–63.5%)e |
He et al. 2015 [1] | Asia (East) | China | Yes | SE ≤ -0.5 D | 951 | 6 years | 6.6 ± 0.34 | 39.5% (N/A) |
Wu et al. 2013 [14] | Asia (East) | China (East) | Yes | SE ≤ -0.5 D | 6026 | 4–18 years | 9.7 ± 3.3 | 36.9% (36.0–38.0%) |
Guo et al. 2015 [15] | Asia (East) | China (West) | Yes | SE ≤ -0.5 D | 1565 | 6–21 years | 11.9 ± 3.5 | 60.0% (N/A) |
Lin et al. 2014 [16] | Asia (East) | China (rural) | Yes | SE < -0.5 D | 585 | 6–17 years | 10.6 ± 2.5 | 23.3% (N/A) |
Saxena et al. 2015 [17] | Asia (South) | India | Yes | SE ≤ -0.5 D | 9884 | urban school-children | 11.6 + 2.2 | 13.1% (12.5–13.8%) |
Aldebasi et al. 2013 [20] | Asia (Middle East) | Saudi Arabia | Yes | SE ≤ -0.5 D | 846 | primary school children | 9.5 ± 1.8 | 6.5% (N/A) |
Al Wadaani et al. 2013 [21] | Asia (Middle East) | Saudi Arabia | Yes | SE ≤ -0.75 D | 2002 | 6–14 years (primary school children) | 9.4 ± 2.3 | 9.0% (7.7–10.2%) |
Lundberg et al. [22] | Europe | Denmark | Yes | SE ≤ -0.5 D | 307 | average age: 9.7, 11.0, 12.9 and 15.4 years (screened at 1–2,5 year intervals) | 15.4 ± 0.7 | 17.9% (N/A) |
Tideman et al. 2017 [23] | Europe | Netherlands | Yes | SE ≤ -0.5 D | 5711 | 6 years | 6.37 ± 0.7 (myopia) 6.16 ± 0.5 (non-myopia) | 2.4% (N/A) |
Matamoros et a. 2015 [24] | Europe | France | Yes | SE ≤ -0.5 Dc | 1781 | 0–9 years | N/A | 19.6% (N/A) |
Matamoros et a. 2015 [24] | Europe | France | Yes | SE ≤ -0.5 Dc | 8289 | 10–19 years | N/A | 42.7% (N/A) |
Kumah et al. 2013 [25] | Africa | Ghana | Yes | SE ≤ -0.5 Dd | 2435 | 12–15 years | N/A | 3.4% (2.7–4.2%) |
Lira et al. 2016 [26] | South America | Brazil | Yes | SE < -0.5 D | 778 | 6–17 years | N/A | 9.6% (N/A) |
Moraes Ibrahim et al. 2013 [27] | South America | Brazil | Yes | SE ≤ -0.5 D | 1590 | 10–15 years | 12.2 ± 1.6 (boys) 12.4 ± 1.6 (girls) | 3.14% (2.28–4.0%) |
Carter et al. 2013 [28] | South America | Paraguay | Yes | SE ≤ -0.5 D | 168 | 5–16 years | N/A | 1.4% (N/A) |
French et al. 2013 [29] | Australia | Australia | Yes | SE ≤ -0.5 D | 863 | 6 years (younger cohort) | N/A | 14.8% (N/A) |
French et al. 2013 [29] | Australia | Australia | Yes | SE ≤ -0.5 D | 1196 | 12 years (older cohort) | N/A | 17.3% (N/A) |
Guo et al. 2017 [30] | Asia (East) | China | No | SE ≤ -0.5 D | 35,745 | 6–18 years (school-based) | 12.6 ± 3.4 | 70.9% (70.5–71.4%) |
You et al. 2014 [31] | Asia (East) | China | Noa | SE ≤ -0.5 D | 15,066 | 7–18 years (first grade of each school level) | 13.2 ± 3.4 | 64.9% (64.2–65.7%) |
Gong et al. 2014 [32] | Asia (East) | China (Beijing) | No | SE ≤ -0.75 D | 15,316 | 7–18 years | 12.1 ± 3.3 | 53.4% (52.6–54.19%) |
Rim et al. 2016 [33] | Asia (East) | South Korea | No | SE < -0.5 | 7486 | 7–11 years | N/A | 48.2% (45.9–50.6%) |
Rim et al. 2016 [33] | Asia (East) | South Korea | No | SE < -0.5 | 7486 | 12–18 years | N/A | 73.0% (71.0–74.8%) |
Mahayana et al. 2017 [34] | Asia (South East) | Indonesia | No | SE ≤ -0.5 D | 410 | N/A (school-based) | 10.01 ± 1.84 | 32.68% (N/A) |
Alrahili et al. 2017 [35] | Asia (Middle East) | Saudi Arabia | No | SE ≤ -1.0 D in aged 6 years and more SE ≤ -3.0 D in aged 3–6 years | 1893 | 3–10 years | 6.2 ± 1.9 | 0.7% (N/A) |
Hrynchak et al. 2013 [36] | North America | United States of America | No | SE < -0.5Db | 370 | 10–15 years | N/A | 42.2% (N/A) |
Galvis et al. 2017 [37] | South America | Colombia | No | SE ≤ -0.5 D | 1228 | 8–17 years | 11.4 ± 2.1 | 11.2% (9.5–13.0%) |
Wajuihian et al. 2017 [38] | Africa | South Africa (rural) | No | SE ≤ -0.5 D | 1586 | 13–18 years (high-school) | 15.81 ± 1.56 | 7% (6–9%) |
Total | 166,934 | |||||||