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Table 3 Spectacle coverage and associated factors of unmet need for spectacles by logistic regression (n = 1122)

From: Use of spectacles for distance vision: coverage, unmet needs and barriers in a rural area of North India

Variable

Met Need (374)

Unmet Need (748)

Spectacle coverage Prevalence (95% CI)

Unadjusted OR (95% CI)

p value

Adjusted OR (95% CI)

p value

Age category

 15–29

89 (75.4)

29 (24.6)

75.4 (16.3, 32.8)

1.0

 

1.0

 

 30–39

27 (57.5)

20 (42.5)

57.5 (41.2, 73.6)

2.3 (0.9, 5.4)

0.06

2.2 (0.8, 6.1)

0.13

 40–49

33 (39.8)

50 (60.2)

39.8 (28.2, 51.3)

4.6 (2.4, 8.9)

< 0.001

2.5 (1.1, 5.5)

0.02

 50–59

66 (36.1)

117 (63.9)

36.1 (28.1, 44.1)

5.4 (3.4, 8.6)

< 0.001

2.9 (1.7, 4.9)

< 0.001

 60–69

88 (24.4)

272 (75.6)

24.4 (17.8, 31.1)

9.5 (5.3, 17.1)

< 0.001

4.2 (1.9, 9.2)

0.001

 70 and above

71 (21.5)

260 (78.5)

21.5 (16.7, 26.2)

11.2 (6.3, 20.1)

< 0.001

3.9 (1.8, 8.7)

0.001

Gender

 Men

146 (34.7)

275 (65.3)

34.7 (31.1, 38.2)

1.0

 

1.0

 

 Women

228 (32.5)

473 (67.5

32.5 (28.2, 36.8)

1.1 (0.9, 1.4)

0.36

0.7 (0.5, 0.9)

0.02

Marriage

 Married

262 (35.6)

474 (64.4)

35.6 (31.7, 39.6)

1.0

 

1.0

 

 Single

112 (29.0)

274 (71.0)

29.0 (24.6, 33.8)

1.4 (1.1, 1.7)

0.02

1.7 (1.3, 2.3)

< 0.001

Occupation

 Housework

225 (29.4)

540 (70.6)

29.4 (25.2, 33.6)

1.0

 

1.0

 

 Labour

26 (22.8)

88 (77.2)

22.8 (15.1, 32.8)

1.4 (0.8, 2.4)

0.19

2.0 (1.2, 3.5)

0.01

 Office/ Skilled work

33 (57.9)

24 (42.1)

57.9 (45.5, 69.4)

0.3 (0.2, 0.5)

< 0.001

0.7 (0.3, 1.3)

0.12

 Unemployed/ Students

90 (48.4)

96 (51.6)

48.4 (40.3, 56.6)

0.4 (0.3, 0.7)

< 0.001

0.8 (0.5, 1.2)

0.23

Education

 Illiterate

98 (17.8)

452 (82.2)

17.8 (14.2, 22.0)

1.0

 

1.0

 

 Primary

44 (31.9)

94 (68.1)

31.9 (25.3, 39.3)

0.5 (0.3, 0.7)

< 0.001

0.4 (0.3, 0.7)

0.002

 Secondary

137 (45.7)

163 (54.3)

45.7 (40.5, 50.9)

0.3 (0.2, 0.4)

< 0.001

0.3 (0.2, 0.5)

< 0.001

 Senior Secondary and above

95 (70.9)

39 (29.1)

70.9 (62.3, 78.2)

0.1 (0.1, 0.2)

< 0.001

0.2 (0.1, 0.3)

< 0.001

Poverty line

 Above Poverty Line (APL)

320 (35.3)

587 (64.7)

35.3 (32.2, 38.4)

1.0

 

1.0

 

 Below Poverty Line (BPL)

54 (25.1)

161 (74.9)

25.1 (17.8, 34.3)

1.6 (1.1, 2.5)

0.03

1.5 (0.9, 2.3)

0.09

  1. Occupation: Labour- agricultural/non – agricultural; Education: Primary-up to 5th class, secondary-6th to 10th class and senior secondary and above-11th and above; Poverty line: APL-Above Poverty line and BPL-Below Poverty Line; OR-Odds Ratio and CI-Confidence Interval