Dual effect of the Valsalva maneuver on autonomic nervous system activity, intraocular pressure, Schlemm’s canal, and iridocorneal angle morphology

Table 2 Changes in baseline and demographic parameters during phase 2 and phase 4 of the VM

Parameter	During phase 2 of the VM	During Phase 4 of the VM	Mean difference between baseline and phase 2	P₁ ^b	Mean difference between baseline and phase 4	P₂^b	Mean difference between phase 2 and phase 4	P3^b
SBP, mmHg	117.79 ± 15.83	117.29 ± 11.91	0.67	1.000	1.17	1.000	0.50	1.000
DBP, mmHg	75.46 ± 11.20	72.63 ± 8.99	2.04	1.000	4.88	0.004^a	3.83	0.649
MAP, mmHg	89.57 ± 10.83	87.51 ± 7.32	1.58	1.000	3.64	0.028^a	2.06	0.87
HR, bpm	92 ± 14.28	80 ± 10.15	−11	0.000^a	3	0.089	12	0.000^a
HF, mm²	835.63 ± 870.92	2546.08 ± 1837.11	370.417	0.636	− 1340.042	0.007^a	− 1710.458	0.000^a
LF/HF	7.48 ± 11.61	5.89 ± 11.93	−6.03	0.037^a	−4.45	0.809	1.58	1.000
IOP, mmHg	18.8 ± 3.5	14.7 ± 2.9	−3.7	0.000^a	0.4	0.337	4.1	0.000^a
MOPP, mmHg	41.23 ± 7.49	44.53 ± 6.15	4.83	0.005^a	1.53	0.311	−3.30	0.051
SCAR (mean), μm²	8921.12 ± 4482.79	7373.08 ± 2651.92	− 1209.01	0.039^a	339.03	1.000	1548.04	0.261
PD, mm	4.74 ± 0.74	4.53 ± 0.68	−0.52	0.000^a	−0.31	0.000^a	−0.21	0.050^a
AOD500, mm	0.64 ± 0.17	0.65 ± 0.18	0.094	0.009^a	0.079	0.008^a	−0.015	1.000
ARA750, mm²	0.45 ± 0.13	0.46 ± 0.13	0.059	0.119	0.057	0.020^a	−0.002	1.000
TIA500, °	52.57 ± 7.88	54.35 ± 9.64	6.175	0.003^a	4.265	0.006^a	−1.910	0.783
TISA500, mm²	0.24 ± 0.07	0.25 ± 0.07	0.03	0.022^a	0.02	0.019^a	−0.01	1.000

^aShows results with a significant difference
^bComparison using repeated measures ANOVA
P₁, p value between baseline and phase 2; P₂, p value between baseline and phase 4; P₃, p value between phase 2 and phase 4

ISSN: 1471-2415