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Table 2 Risk Factors for ION in the study cohort

From: Repeated intravitreal injections of antivascular endothelial growth factor in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration may increase the risk of ischemic optic neuropathy

Variables

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysis

Unadjusted HR (95% CI)

p-value

Adjusted HR (95% CI)

p-value

Age group, years

  < 60

Reference

 

Reference

 

 60–75

1.02 (0.76–1.39)

0.86

1.01 (0.75–1.38)

0.91

  ≥ 75

1.17 (0.86–1.61)

0.31

1.09 (0.76–1.58)

0.62

Sex (male vs. female)

0.84 (0.65–1.09)

0.19

0.82 (0.63–1.07)

0.14

Number of injections

 First level (< 10)

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Second level (10–15)

1.75 (1.21–2.53)

< 0.01

1.91 (1.32–2.76)

< 0.001

 Third level (≥15)

1.99 (1.28–3.08)

< 0.01

2.20 (1.42–3.43)

< 0.001

Diabetes

1.82 (1.36–2.44)

< 0.0001

2.03 (1.46–2.81)

< 0.0001

Hyspertension

1.05 (0.83–1.35)

0.65

1.04 (0.85–1.30)

0.65

Hyperlipidemia

1.27 (0.95–1.70)

0.11

1.04 (0.75–1.43)

0.83

Ischemic heart disease

1.16 (0.85–1.58)

0.35

1.20 (0.86–1.67)

0.29

Glaucoma

1.43 (1.01–2.03)

< 0.05

1.35 (0.95–1.92)

0.09

  1. ION ischemic optic neuropathy, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval
  2. In the multivariable analysis, all other variables in the table were included for adjustment