Table 6 (Online supplement): Univariate analysis for factors associated with type of astigmatism among those with astigmatism (N = 680)
Type of astigmatism | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | # of students with astigmatism | With-the-rule n (%) | Against-the-rule n (%) | Oblique n (%) | P-value |
Age (years) | 0.37 | ||||
≤ 6 | 25 | 20 (80%) | 2 (8%) | 3 (12%) | |
7 | 25 | 22 (88%) | 1 (4%) | 2 (8%) | |
8 | 27 | 23 (85%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (15%) | |
9 | 30 | 27 (90%) | 1 (3%) | 2 (7%) | |
10 | 24 | 23 (96%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (4%) | |
11 | 40 | 32 (80%) | 0 (0%) | 8 (20%) | |
12 | 54 | 47 (87%) | 0 (0%) | 7 (13%) | |
13 | 56 | 48 (86%) | 0 (0%) | 8 (14%) | |
14 | 56 | 47 (84%) | 0 (0%) | 9 (16%) | |
15 | 67 | 57 (85%) | 0 (0%) | 10 (15%) | |
16 | 93 | 81 (87%) | 1 (1%) | 11 (12%) | |
17 | 76 | 65 (86%) | 3 (3%) | 9 (12%) | |
18 | 85 | 66 (78%) | 4 (5%) | 15 (18%) | |
≥ 19 | 22 | 17 (77%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (23%) | |
Grade | 0.39 | ||||
Kindergarten | 29 | 24 (83%) | 2 (7%) | 3 (10%) | |
Grade 1 | 27 | 23 (85%) | 1 (4%) | 3 (11%) | |
Grade 2 | 26 | 22 (85%) | 1 (4%) | 3 (11%) | |
Grade 3 | 30 | 28 (93%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (7%) | |
Grade 4 | 28 | 25 (89%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (11%) | |
Grade 5 | 41 | 35 (85%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (15%) | |
Grade 6 | 55 | 45 (82%) | 0 (0%) | 10 (18%) | |
Grade 7 | 57 | 50 (88%) | 0 (0%) | 7 (12%) | |
Grade 8 | 58 | 50 (86%) | 0 (0%) | 8 (14%) | |
Grade 9 | 68 | 58 (85%) | 1 (1%) | 9 (13%) | |
Grade 10 | 96 | 83 (86%) | 1 (1%) | 12 (13%) | |
Grade 11 | 83 | 72 (86%) | 1 (1%) | 10 (12%) | |
Grade 12 | 82 | 60 (73%) | 4 (5%) | 18 (22%) | |
Gender | 0.09 | ||||
Male | 427 | 371 (87%) | 6 (1%) | 50 (12%) | |
Female | 253 | 204 (81%) | 5 (2%) | 44 (17%) | |
School location | 0.34 | ||||
Urban | 427 | 356 (84%) | 6 (1%) | 65 (15%) | |
Rural | 253 | 219 (87%) | 5 (2%) | 29 (11%) | |
Spherical equivalent of more astigmatic eye (Diopters) | 0.78 | ||||
≤ −6 | 174 | 145 (83%) | 2 (1%) | 27 (16%) | |
> −6, ≤ −5 | 75 | 59 (79%) | 1 (1%) | 15 (20%) | |
> −5, ≤ −4 | 90 | 74 (82%) | 1 (1%) | 15 (17%) | |
> −4, ≤ −3 | 84 | 71 (85%) | 2 (2%) | 11 (13%) | |
> −3, ≤ −2 | 54 | 46 (85%) | 2 (4%) | 7 (13%) | |
> −2, ≤ −1 | 67 | 60 (90%) | 1 (2%) | 6 (9%) | |
> − 1, ≤ −0.5 | 35 | 29 (83%) | 1 (3%) | 5 (14%) | |
> − 0.5, < 0.5 | 48 | 45 (94%) | 1 (2%) | 2 (4%) | |
≥ 0.5, < 1.0 | 20 | 16 (80%) | 1 (5%) | 3 (15%) | |
≥ 1.0 | 33 | 30 (91%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (9%) | |