Fig. 2

Intraoperative and histological findings of primary canaliculitis with canalicular dilatation. a Concretions inside the lumen after canaliculotomy of the lower horizontal canaliculus. b Dilatation, erythema and edema of the upper canalicular lumen. c Curettage of the concretions. d After canaliculoplasty, a 6–0 polyglactin suture was tied around the ampullary part to prevent punctal slitting. e Dacryoendoscopic photograph showing expansion of the canalicular lumen, edematous mucosa of the canaliculus with yellowish and fluffy concretions around the canalicular walls. f Histological examination of concretions, showing Actinomyces species infection. (Gomori methenamine silver stain, × 400) g. Dacryoendoscopic photograph showing polypoid change of the canalicular mucosae (arrow) after removal of concretions. h Histological examination of canalicular mucosae, showing infiltration of inflammatory cells. (h&e, ×100)