Sociodemographic, behavioral, and medical risk factors associated with visual impairment among older adults: a community-based pilot survey in Southern District of Hong Kong

WONG, Perseus Wing-Fu; LAU, Jordy Kin-Pong; CHOY, Bonnie Nga-Kwan; SHIH, Kendrick Co; NG, Alex Lap-Ki; WONG, Ian Yat-Hin; CHAN, Jonathan Cheuk-Hung

doi:10.1186/s12886-020-01644-1

Table 4 Stratified analysis of odds ratios of gender, obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and cataract on unilateral and bilateral visual impairment among 222 subjects

From: Sociodemographic, behavioral, and medical risk factors associated with visual impairment among older adults: a community-based pilot survey in Southern District of Hong Kong

		Unilateral Visual Impairment		Bilateral Visual Impairment		Unilateral Visual Impairment		Bilateral Visual Impairment
		Estimate (95% CI)	p-value	Estimate (95% CI)	p-value	Estimate (95% CI)	p-value	Estimate (95% CI)	p-value
A	Stratified by gender	Male				Female
i	Obesity	1.53 (0.61–3.81)	0.359	5.78 (1.52–28.18)	0.015**	2.44 (1.09–5.48)	0.030**	2.11 (0.51–7.89)	0.271
ii	History of hypertension	2.21 (0.90–5.62)	0.087*	2.96 (0.79–14.32)	0.129	1.83 (0.85–3.90)	0.118	1.42 (0.35–5.24)	0.605
iii	History of hyperlipidemia	3.55 (1.25–10.51)	0.019**	5.82 (1.54–23.11)	0.009***	0.50 (0.11–1.68)	0.304	0.88 (0.05–5.23)	0.908
iv	History of cataract	2.29 (0.79–6.68)	0.125	4.04 (1.03–15.49)	0.040**	1.31 (0.56–2.96)	0.523	1.36 (0.28–5.22)	0.672
B	Stratified by obesity	Obesity				Non-obesity
i	Gender	1.30 (0.49–3.48)	0.599	0.40 (0.10–1.43)	0.172	0.82 (0.40–1.70)	0.580	1.09 (0.28–5.35)	0.901
ii	History of hypertension	1.12 (0.41–3.06)	0.830	2.23 (0.59–10.87)	0.267	2.18 (1.04–4.53)	0.037**	1.13 (0.23–4.50)	0.864
iii	History of hyperlipidemia	9.21 (2.15–64.10)	0.007***	4.80 (1.16–19.81)	0.028**	0.52 (0.14–1.51)	0.266	1.81 (0.26–8.16)	0.477
iv	History of cataract	1.64 (0.48–5.76)	0.424	1.47 (0.29–6.02)	0.611	1.71 (0.77–3.71)	0.176	4.32 (1.08–18.33)	0.037**
C	Stratified by history of hypertension	Having a history				No history
i	Gender	0.91 (0.39–2.13)	0.829	0.45 (0.11–1.56)	0.222	1.10 (0.49–2.59)	0.818	0.94 (0.24–4.64)	0.934
ii	Obesity	1.25 (0.53–2.94)	0.608	4.35 (1.19–20.82)	0.037**	2.43 (0.98–5.97)	0.052*	2.22 (0.44–9.08)	0.284
iii	History of hyperlipidemia	1.73 (0.64–4.73)	0.274	4.07 (1.13–14.82)	0.030**	0.80 (0.17–2.81)	0.746	1.18 (0.06–7.26)	0.883
iv	History of cataract	1.99 (0.81–5.02)	0.137	2.45 (0.70–8.67)	0.154	0.95 (0.32–2.54)	0.926	1.41 (0.20–6.36)	0.678
D	Stratified by history of hyperlipidemia	Having a history				No history
i	Gender	0.18 (0.03–0.79)	0.032**	0.15 (0.01–1.08)	0.104	1.29 (0.68–2.51)	0.444	1.02 (0.34–3.45)	0.971
ii	Obesity	22.50 (4.11–192.5)	0.001***	7.14 (1.24–58.63)	0.038**	1.28 (0.65–2.48)	0.476	2.70 (0.88–8.30)	0.077*
iii	History of hypertension	3.67 (0.84–20.04)	0.100	4.80 (0.69–97.27)	0.172	1.69 (0.90–3.19)	0.104	1.39 (0.44–4.18)	0.559
iv	History of cataract	6.75 (1.25–53.54)	0.038**	3.30 (0.52–20.41)	0.190	1.23 (0.59–2.50)	0.574	1.99 (0.58–6.12)	0.242
E	Stratified by cataract	Having a history				No history
i	Gender	0.57 (0.18–1.84)	0.346	0.26 (0.05–1.22)	0.093*	1.00 (0.52–1.95)	0.995	0.77 (0.25–2.50)	0.658
ii	Obesity	2.00 (0.56–7.40)	0.286	1.98 (0.36–9.62)	0.402	2.08 (1.05–4.14)	0.036**	5.83 (1.80–22.42)	0.005***
iii	History of hypertension	3.27 (1.03–11.40)	0.051*	2.86 (0.58–21.07)	0.227	1.56 (0.79–3.06)	0.192	1.65 (0.51–5.21)	0.388
iv	History of hyperlipidemia	5.60 (1.13–41.57)	0.049**	4.56 (0.76–25.60)	0.082*	1.02 (0.39–2.46)	0.965	2.75 (0.70–9.26)	0.116

CI confidence interval
* p-value < 0.1; **p-value < 0.05; *** p-value < 0.01

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