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Table 2 Aqueous cytokine concentrations in nAMD patients at baseline, month 1, and month 2 vs. cataract patients

From: Angiogenin, FGF-α, and IL-36β have higher expression levels in aqueous humor of nAMD patients in comparison to cataract patients

Cytokines

Cataract (n = 20)

nAMD, baseline (n = 20)

nAMD, at month 1 (n = 20)

nAMD, at month 2 (n = 20)

Mean ± SD

(pg/ml)

Mean ± SD

(pg/ml)

P-Value

(vs. cataract)

Mean ± SD

(pg/ml)

P-Value

(vs. cataract)

Mean ± SD

(pg/ml)

P-Value

(vs. cataract)

P-Value

(vs. baseline)

Angiogenina

24,317.3 ± 4154.7

30,190.6 ± 3476.4

0.01584b

29,507.4 ± 4350.8

0.02178b

29,965.3 ± 2967.4

0.01380b

1

BMP-9a

3.0 ± 0.2

3.2 ± 0.2

0.09101

3.2 ± 0.3

0.02178b

3.1 ± 0.3

0.09036

1

CCL1/I-309a

1.0 ± 0.3

1.4 ± 0.24

0.09101

1.7 ± 0.8

0.06525

1.4 ± 0.4

0.23958

1

CCL13/MCP-4a

6.6 ± 0.9

7.9 ± 1.5

0.06545

8.0 ± 1.9

0.03600b

7.5 ± 1.6

0.26987

1

CCL2/MCP-1a

660.3 ± 217.6

1029.6 ± 1214.8

0.25202

1080.2 ± 1392.7

0.06825

869.2 ± 630.3

0.26987

1

CXCL10/IP-10a

27.3 ± 13.9

48.2 ± 41.2

0.09101

43.8 ± 22.1

0.03600b

36.5 ± 22.8

0.51063

1

CXCL2/GRO βa

121.7 ± 24.2

128.5 ± 11.2

0.16895

128.6 ± 24.3

0.54896

130.6 ± 15.7

0.03866b

1

CXCL8/IL-8a

61.2 ± 11.0

84.4 ± 45.8

0.03920b

80.2 ± 30.9

0.06825

76.6 ± 16.3

0.05919

1

Endothelin-1a

33.4 ± 2.6

37.1 ± 6.6

0.48126

37.8 ± 6.3

0.02547b

35.8 ± 6.1

1

1

FGF acidica

22.7 ± 3.3

26.8 ± 2.3

0.03920b

28.6 ± 6.7

0.03600b

28.2 ± 7.6

0.00369b

1

IL-15a

4.9 ± 1.8

6.1 ± 1.7

0.16895

6.4 ± 2.5

0.06525

6.0 ± 1.9

0.95610

1

IL-22a

21.0 ± 3.8

23.4 ± 2.9

0.09101

24.0 ± 3.6

0.03394b

23.0 ± 2.6

0.11419

1

IL-36 β/IL-1F8a

1.1 ± 0.7

1.5 ± 0.3

0.03920b

1.6 ± 0.7

0.02613b

1.5 ± 0.4

0.01634b

1

PDGF-BBa

1.7 ± 0.5

2.4 ± 1.0

0.06545

2.3 ± 0.9

0.03600b

2.1 ± 0.6

0.47894

1

PlGFa

4.9 ± 0.5

5.3 ± 0.9

0.06545

4.9 ± 1.1

1

4.7 ± 1.2

1

0.02070b

TNF-αa

2.1 ± 0.6

2.4 ± 0.4

0.16895

2.8 ± 1.3

0.02613b

2.4 ± 0.5

0.70739

1

VEGF-Aa

72.0 ± 21.6

70.6 ± 30.5

1

22.5 ± 1.7

0.00010b

22.3 ± 1.0

2.88 × 10−5b

0.00010b

VEGF-Ca

303.3 ± 47.0

327.0 ± 24.0

0.05820

329.5 ± 39.0

0.03600b

317.5 ± 35.2

0.45039

1

Angiopoietin-1

105.4 ± 35.3

127.1 ± 67.6

126.2 ± 76.1

116.4 ± 56.2

Angiopoietin-2

84.2 ± 16.8

107.1 ± 56.5

104.2 ± 57.9

101.8 ± 60.7

CCL20/MIP-3 α

20.9 ± 12.1

20.4 ± 10.7

17.8 ± 8.9

15.5 ± 7.7

CCL27/CTACK

4.5 ± 2.1

5.5 ± 1.9

5.5 ± 2.2

5.2 ± 2.4

CRP

49,709.8 ± 186,176.6

7566.9 ± 9756.9

7132.9 ± 8391.2

9574.2 ± 20,248.2

CXCL16

609.5 ± 132.1

740.2 ± 314.7

759.4 ± 324.7

739.9 ± 322.5

Endocan/ESM-1

113.8 ± 35.3

127.6 ± 46.1

132.4 ± 51.0

126.0 ± 58.0

FGF basic

17.4 ± 5.3

17.6 ± 6.0

16.9 ± 6.5

14.5 ± 3.9

IL-6

8.9 ± 24.1

3.3 ± 5.5

6.1 ± 17.3

3.9 ± 3.8

PDGF-AA

37.6 ± 8.8

42.2 ± 10.7

41.6 ± 13.5

41.1 ± 12.9

  1. The concentrations were presented as mean ± SD. aThese eighteen cytokines which have statistically significant differences among patients’ groups were screened by Friedman tests. Friedman tests were followed by Bonferroni’s tests for comparisons among four patients’ groups, while the method of Benjamini and Hochberg was then used to reduce the false-positive rate in the multiple comparisons of the eighteen cytokines. bStatistical significant differences were found