Table 4 Studies of aniso-astigmatism among young children
Author | Year | Location | Age | Sample size | Definition | Prevalence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The Sydney Myopia Study [14] | 2006 | Sydney, Australia | 6 years | 1765 | ≥ 1.0 DC | 1.60% |
Dobson et al. [25] | 2008 | Tohono O’odham, American | 4–13 years | 1041 | ≥ 1.0 DC | 15% |
The Northern Ireland Childhood Errors of Refraction Study [26] | 2013 | Northern Ireland, England | 6–7 years | 661 | ≥ 1.0 DC | 7.70% |
12–13 years | 389 | 5.60% | ||||
The Sydney Paediatric Eye Disease Study [28] | 2013 | Sydney, Australia | 6–72 months | 2090 | ≥ 1.0 DC | Overall 3% |
European-Caucasian 1.9% | ||||||
East-Asian 5.2% | ||||||
South-Asian 3.6% | ||||||
Middle-Eastern 3.3% | ||||||
The Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study [16] | 2010 | California, America | 6–72 months | Hispanic American, 3030 | ≥ 1.0 DC | 5.60% |
≥ 0.50 in J0 / J45 | 10.40% | |||||
African American, 2994 | ≥ 1.0 DC | 4.50% | ||||
≥ 0.50 in J0 / J45 | 11.90% | |||||
The Shandong Children Eye Study [15] | 2015 | Shandong, China | 4–18 years | 6025 | ≥ 1.0 DC | 3.70% |
Yamashita et al. [27] | 1997 | Rural area of southwestern Japan | 6 years | 350 | ≥ 1.0 DC | 2.6% |
7 years | 2.3% | |||||
8 years | 2.0% | |||||
9 years | 3.4% | |||||
10 years | 3.7% | |||||
11 years | 4.3% |