|
Variable
|
Depression
|
Anxiety
|
|---|
| |
Mean (SD)
|
P
|
Mean (SD)
|
P
|
|---|
|
Gender
|
|
Female
|
7.2 (4.0)
|
0.95
|
8.4 (3.9)
|
0.08
|
|
Male
|
7.1 (3.7)
| |
7.1 (3.6)
| |
|
Education
|
|
< 9 y
|
7.5 (3.8)
|
0.24
|
8.1 (4.2)
|
0.16
|
|
≥ 9 y
|
6.6 (3.8)
| |
7.1 (3.0)
| |
|
Marital status
|
|
Married
|
7.1 (3.9)
|
0.79
|
7.9 (3.9)
|
0.25
|
|
Others
|
7.5 (2.8)
| |
6.3 (3.0)
| |
|
Residence
|
|
Urban
|
5.7 (3.3)
|
0.00*
|
6.9 (2.9)
|
0.02*
|
|
Rural
|
8.4 (3.9)
| |
8.5 (4.4)
| |
|
History of smoking
|
|
Y
|
7.3 (4.1)
|
0.74
|
7.2 (3.7)
|
0.28
|
|
N
|
7.1 (3.7)
| |
8.1 (3.9)
| |
|
History of hypertension
|
|
Y
|
7.9 (3.7)
|
0.00*
|
8.1 (3.5)
|
0.17
|
|
N
|
5.6 (3.7)
| |
7.0 (4.3)
| |
|
Family history of DM
|
|
Y
|
7.5 (3.7)
|
0.38
|
7.5 (3.7)
|
0.51
|
|
N
|
6.8 (3.9)
| |
8.0 (3.9)
| |
|
VI
|
|
Mild or no VI
|
5.2 (2.4)
|
0.04*
|
6.3 (2.2)
|
0.29
|
|
Moderate or severer VI
|
7.5 (3.6)
| |
7.8 (3.9)
| |
|
Continuous variables
|
|
Age
|
-0.14a
|
0.16
|
-0.01a
|
0.95
|
|
HbA1c
|
-0.02b
|
0.84
|
−0.07 b
|
0.49
|
|
BP
|
|
Systolic
|
0.00 a
|
0.99
|
−0.18 a
|
0.07
|
|
Diastolic
|
0.02 a
|
0.87
|
0.24 a
|
0.01*
|
|
Duration of DM
|
−0.05 b
|
0.60
|
0.03 b
|
0.75
|
|
Duration of VI
|
0.06 b
|
0.56
|
−0.05 b
|
0.59
|
|
ESCA total score
|
−0.31 a
|
0.00*
|
−0.16 a
|
0.11
|
|
Self-concept
|
−0.23 b
|
0.02*
|
−0.11 b
|
0.26
|
|
Self-nursing responsibility
|
−0.17 b
|
0.09
|
−0.08 b
|
0.42
|
|
Self-care skills
|
−0.40 b
|
0.00*
|
−0.29 b
|
0.00*
|
|
Health knowledge level
|
−0.28 a
|
0.00*
|
−0.11 a
|
0.27
|
- a Pearson correlation; b Spearman correlation; * P < 0.05; y: year; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; BP: blood pressure; DM: diabetes mellitus; HADS-D: hospital anxiety and depression scale - depression; HADS-A: hospital anxiety and depression scale – anxiety; ESCA: the exercise of self-care agency scale
