Risk factors leading to trabeculectomy surgery of glaucoma patient using Japanese nationwide administrative claims data: a retrospective non-interventional cohort study

Shirai, Chikako; Tsuda, Satoru; Tarasawa, Kunio; Fushimi, Kiyohide; Fujimori, Kenji; Nakazawa, Toru

doi:10.1186/s12886-021-01897-4

Table 2 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of the study cohorts

From: Risk factors leading to trabeculectomy surgery of glaucoma patient using Japanese nationwide administrative claims data: a retrospective non-interventional cohort study

Variable	Glaucoma surgery (N = 12,038)		Non-glaucoma surgery (N = 17,561)
Variable	n	Percentage or mean ± SD	n	Percentage or mean ± SD	P Value
Age (years)	12,038	68.5 ± 12.4	17,561	68.8 ± 14.0	< 0.0001*
Category					< 0.0001
≤ 39	305	2.5	719	4.1	< 0.0001
40–49	628	5.2	929	5.3	0.7910
50–59	1488	12.4	1842	10.5	< 0.0001
60–69	3227	26.8	4168	23.7	< 0.0001
70–79	4207	34.9	6069	64.6	0.4943
≥ 80	2183	18.1	3034	21.8	< 0.0001
Gender
Category					< 0.0001
Male	7032	58.4	9376	53.4	< 0.0001
Female	5006	41.6	8185	46.6	< 0.0001
Body mass index (kg/m²)	12,038	22.7 ± 4.3	17,561	22.2 ± 6.2	< 0.0001*
Category					< 0.0001
Thin (< 18.5)	1076	8.9	1565	8.9	0.9504
Normal (≥18.5 < 25)	7867	65.4	11,262	64.1	0.0313
Fat (≥25)	2969	24.7	4220	24.0	0.2144
Not classified	126	1.0	514	2.9	< 0.0001
Smoking index	12,038	91.3 ± 288.5	17,561	89.9 ± 290.6 14.0	0.9622*
Maximum	0		0
Minimum	5000		4995
Season
Category					0.0303
Spring (April–June)	3295	27.4	4659	26.5	0.1093
Summer (July–September)	2504	20.8	3644	20.8	0.9187
Autumn (October–December)	2520	20.9	3922	22.3	0.0041
Winter (January–March)	3719	30.9	5336	30.4	0.3553
Length of stay in hospital	12,038	12.1 ± 6.1	17,561	8.6 ± 6.0	< 0.0001*
Maximum	1		1
Minimum	99		128
Charlson comorbidity index
Category					0.4710
Low (0)	9748	81.0	14,287	81.4	0.4135
Medium (1, 2)	2177	18.1	3100	17.7	0.3457
High (3, 4)	109	0.9	162	0.9	0.9013
Very High (≥5)	4	0.0	12	0.1	0.3085
Comorbidities
Circulatory system
Hypertension	852	7.1	1428	8.1	0.0009
Hypotension	2	0.0	5	0.0	0.7820
Ischemic heart disease	292	2.4	412	2.3	0.6694
Heart failure	82	0.7	147	0.8	0.1377
Stroke	80	0.7	118	0.7	1.0000
Metabolic system
Diabetes	1763	14.6	2386	13.6	0.0101
Hyperlipidemia	385	3.2	575	3.3	0.7166
Electrolyte disorders	134	1.1	232	1.3	0.1204
Thyroid dysfunction	14	0.1	28	0.2	0.3512
Systemic lupus erythematosus	10	0.1	28	0.2	0.0971
Nervous system
Dementia	18	0.2	43	0.2	0.0894
Depression	56	0.5	88	0.5	0.7339
Mental disorders	1	0.0	0	0.0	0.4067
Immune system
Cancer	110	0.9	155	0.9	0.8017
Allergies	981	8.1	542	3.1	< 0.0001
Gastrointestinal system
Peptic ulcer	181	1.5	221	1.3	0.0821
Liver insufficiency/failure	30	0.2	35	0.2	0.3784
Concomitant drug
Circulatory system
Hypertension	3416	28.4	5546	31.6	< 0.0001
Hypotension	36	0.3	56	0.3	0.8319
Ischemic heart disease	2125	17.7	2625	14.9	< 0.0001
Heart failure	3656	30.4	5735	32.7	< 0.0001
Stroke	2942	24.4	3053	17.4	< 0.0001
Metabolic system
Diabetes	588	4.9	635	3.6	< 0.0001
Hyperlipidemia	777	6.5	977	5.6	0.0016
Electrolyte disorders	1233	10.2	1907	10.9	0.0909
Thyroid dysfunction	78	0.6	106	0.6	0.6518
Systemic lupus erythematosus	303	2.5	301	1.7	< 0.0001
Nervous system
Dementia	45	0.4	84	0.5	0.2084
Depression	2518	20.9	2005	11.4	< 0.0001
Mental disorders	2522	21.0	2012	11.5	< 0.0001
Immune system
Cancer	9313	77.4	3997	22.8	< 0.0001
Allergies	436	3.6	433	2.5	< 0.0001
Gastrointestinal system
Peptic ulcer	336	18.5	2450	14.9	< 0.0001
Liver insufficiency/failure	2230	2.8	418	2.4	0.0294
Glaucoma types
POAG	4404	36.6	5628	32.0	< 0.0001
OAG	4214	35.0	6300	36.0	0.1253
NTG	743	6.2	1331	7.6	< 0.0001
Not classified	2677	22.2	4320	24.5	< 0.0001
Glaucoma drug by class
PG	2827	23.5	3923	22.3	0.0215
BB	713	5.9	1212	6.9	0.0008
CAI	1086	9.0	1445	8.2	0.0168
ROCKI	694	5.8	928	5.3	0.0771
AA	1640	13.3	2317	13.2	0.7534
AB	131	1.1	141	0.8	0.0130
ABB	14	0.1	17	0.1	0.7151
Sympathomimetics	12	0.1	11	0.1	0.2655
PG/BB fixed combination	296	2.5	425	2.4	0.8479
CAI/BB fixed combination	713	5.9	1212	6.9	0.0008
Glaucoma drug by generic name
PG
Isopropyl Unoprostone	4	0.0	13	0.1	0.2165
Isopropyl Unoprostone GE	0	0.0	0	0.0	NA
Latanoprost	917	7.6	1272	7.2	0.2309
Latanoprost GE	152	1.3	238	1.4	0.5050
Travoprost	377	3.1	550	3.1	1.0000
Travoprost GE	0	0.0	0	0.0	NA
Tafluprost	367	3.0	669	3.8	0.0004
Tafluprost GE	0	0.0	0	0.0	NA
Bimatoprost	1069	8.9	1274	7.3	< 0.0001
Bimatoprost GE	0	0.0	0	0.0	NA
BB
Timolol Maleate	435	3.6	761	4.3	0.0020
Timolol Maleate GE	52	0.4	73	0.4	0,8544
Carteolol Hydrochloride	217	1.8	367	2.1	0.0813
Carteolol Hydrochloride GE	10	0.1	12	0.1	0.6687
Betaxolol Hydrochloride	2	0.0	5	0.0	0.7082
Betaxolol Hydrochloride GE	0	0.0	1	0.0	1.0000
CAI
Dorzolamide Hydrochloride	225	1.9	295	1.7	0.2243
Dorzolamide Hydrochloride GE	0	0.0	0	0.0	NA
Brinzolamide	686	5.7	914	5.2	0.0670
Brinzolamide GE	0	0.0	0	0.0	NA
ROCKI
Ripasudil Hydrochloride Hydrate	694	5.8	928	5.3	0.0771
Ripasudil Hydrochloride Hydrate GE	0	0.0	0	0.0	NA
AA
Brimonidine Tartrate	1604	13.3	2317	13.2	0.7534
Brimonidine Tartrate GE	0	0.0	0	0.0	NA
AB
Bunazosin Hydrochloride	131	1.1	141	0.8	0.0130
Bunazosin Hydrochloride GE	0	0.0	0	0.0	NA
ABB
Levobunolol Hydrochloride	2	0.0	1	0.0	0.5705
Levobunolol Hydrochloride GE	0	0.0	0	0.0	NA
Nipradilol	13	0.1	16	0.1	0.7067
Nipradilol GE	0	0.0	1	0.0	1.0000
Sympathomimetics
Dipivefrin Hydrochloride	12	0.1	11	0.1	0.2917
Dipivefrin Hydrochloride GE	0	0.0	0	0.0	NA
PG/BB fixed combination
Lat/Tim	114	0.9	211	1.2	0.0409
Lat/Tim GE	0	0.0	0	0.0	NA
Lat/Car	1	0.0	3	0.0	0.6560
Lat/Car GE	0	0.0	0	0.0	NA
Tra/Tim	141	1.2	163	0.9	0.0459
Tra/Tim GE	0	0.0	0	0.0	NA
Taf/Tim	41	0.3	51	0.3	0.4582
Taf/Tim GE	0	0.0	0	0.0	NA
CAI/BB fixed combination
Dor/Tim	1519	12.6	2327	13.3	0.1133
Dor/Tim GE	0	0.0	0	0.0	NA
Brinzolamide/Tim	359	3.0	547	3.1	0.5364
Brinzolamide/Tim GE	0	0.0	0	0.0	NA

AA α2-agonist, AB α1-blocker, ABB αβ-blocker, BB β-blocker, CAI carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, Dor dorzolamide hydrochloride, GE generic, Lat latanoprost, NA not assessed, NTG normal tension glaucoma, OAG open angle glaucoma, PG prostaglandin analog, POAG primary open angle glaucoma, ROCKI rho-associated protein kinase inhibitor, SD standard deviation, Taf tafluprost, Tim timolol maleate, Tra travoprost
*Calculated using the Mann-Whitney U test; the remaining P Values were calculated with the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test

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