Table 1 Characteristics of the Study Participants
| Â | DM | Control group | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
no-DR (N = 72) | mild NPDR (N = 25) | t | p* | Total (N = 97) | N = 35 | T | P** | |
Age (years) | 53 ± 10 | 57 ± 9 | 1.725 | 0.088 | 54 ± 10 | 53 ± 11 | 0.586 | 0.559 |
DM duration (years) | 9.2 ± 6.0 | 14.4 ± 9.1 | 2.694 | 0.011 | 10.5 ± 7.3 | NA | NA | NA |
SBP (mmHg) | 127 ± 12 | 136 ± 19 | 2.386 | 0.023 | 128 ± 19 | 116 ± 8 | 5.017 | < 0.001 |
DBP (mmHg) | 79 ± 10 | 80 ± 9 | 0.482 | 0.630 | 79 ± 10 | 72 ± 14 | 8.545 | < 0.001 |
IOP (mmHg) | 16.9 ± 2.1 | 17.1 ± 1.9 | 0.149 | 0.882 | 17.0 ± 2.0 | 16.6 ± 1.9 | 1.490 | 0.138 |
HbA1c (%) | 8.9 ± 1.8 | 9.5 ± 2.2 | 1.186 | 0.239 | 9.1 ± 1.9 | 5.6 ± 0.3 | 9.102 | < 0.001 |
Fasting blood Glucose (moll/l) | 8.1 ± 2.7 | 7.9 ± 2.6 | −0.391 | 0.696 | 8.0 ± 2.6 | 5.2 ± 0.4 | 9.728 | < 0.001 |
Cr (umol/l) | 60.2 ± 24.8 | 70.7 ± 32.0 | 1.658 | 0.101 | 63 ± 27 | 55 ± 11 | 1.463 | 0.146 |
TC (mmol/l) | 4.1 ± 1.0 | 4.1 ± 1.1 | 0.001 | 1.0 | 4.1 ± 1.1 | 4.4 ± 0.9 | −1.584 | 0.116 |