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Table 3 Ophthalmologic examination and clinical findings

From: Ophthalmic emergency-room visits during the Covid-19 pandemic – a comparative study

Variable

March–April

2019

March–April

2020

P Value

LogMar VA

mean (SD)

 CC eye

0.34 (0.5)

0.42 (0.6)

p = 0.025

 Fellow eye

0.26 (0.4)

0.23 (0.4)

p = 0.23

IOP, mmHg

mean (SD)

 OD

13.94 (4.6)

14.8 (5.7)

p = 0.065

 OS

14.14 (4)

13.96 (5.9)

p = 0.683

Eye segment involved

n (%)

 Anterior chamber

572 (68.6%)

319 (66.9%)

p = 0.524

 Posterior segment

159 (19%)

91 (19%)

p = 0.995

 Both

10 (1.2%)

23 (4.8%)

p < 0.001

 Nonea

93 (11.1%)

43 (9%)

p = 0.372

Main clinical finding

n (%)

 Normal examination

85 (10.2%)

45 (9.4%)

p = 0.659

 Foreign body

108 (12.9%)

74 (15.5%)

p = 0.196

 Conjunctivitis

72 (8.6%)

24 (5%)

p = 0.016

 Retinal Vascular eventb

11 (1.3%)

9 (1.9%)

p = 0.484

 Retinal tear

24 (2.9%)

13 (2.7%)

p = 0.873

 Retinal Detachment

10 (1.1%)

8 (1.7%)

p = 0.474

 Perforation

3 (0.3%)

0

 

 Neuro ophthalmology

19 (2.3%)c

16 (3.3%)d

p = 0.245

 Anterior segment inflammation

23 (2.7%)

14 (2.9%)_

p = 0.852

 Posterior segment inflammation

1 (0.1%)

0

 

 Glaucoma (open and closed angle)

12 (1.4%)

19 (4%)

p = 0.004

 Dry eye

37 (4.4%)

17 (3.6%)

p = 0.444

 Corneal laceration

85 (10.2%)

54 (11.3%)

p = 0.523

 Conjunctival laceration

13 (1.5%)

8 (1.7%)

p = 0.87

 SPK

66 (7.9%)

30 (6.3%)

p = 0.277

 Chalazion

14 (1.7%)

9 (1.9%)

p = 0.828

 PVD

62 (7.4%)

21 (4.4%)

p = 0.03

 Lid swelling

43 (5.1%)

22 (4.6%)

p = 0.663

 SCH

31 (3.7%)

14 (2.9%)

p = 0.53

 Corneal abscess

36 (4.3%)

40 (8.4%)

p = 0.002

 Blepharitis

21 (2.5%)

6 (1.2%)

p = 0.157

 Retinopathye

10 (1.2%)

10 (2.1%)

p = 0.242

 VH

14 (1.7%)

13 (2.7%)

p = 0.227

 Otherf

59 (7.1%)

58 (12.1%)

p = 0.002

Number of diagnoses

mean (SD)

0.93 (0.35)

1.0 (0.5)

p = 0.001

One diagnosis

n (%)

724 (86.8%)

388 (81.3%)

p = 0.008

Two diagnoses and more

n (%)

25 (3%)

43 (9%)

p < 0.001

  1. Abbreviations: SPK superficial punctate keratitis, PVD posterior vitreous detachment, SCH subconjunctival hemorrhage, VH vitreous hemorrhage, SD standard deviation
  2. aEyelids related or neuro-ophthalmologic complains which didn’t refer to eye segments (i.e. visual migraine, nerve palsies, etc. …)
  3. bArterial occlusions and Vein occlusions
  4. c6th nerve palsy (3), 3rd nerve palsy (2), Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) (2), Optic neuritis (ON) (2), visual migraine (3), anisocoria (1), benign cyclic mydriasis (1), papilledema (5)
  5. d6th nerve palsy (3), ON (7), papilledema (2), bell’s palsy (1), compressive optic neuropathy (1), optic atrophy (1), 3rd nerve palsy (1)
  6. eDiabetic retinopathy / hypertensive retinopathy / high-altitude retinopathy
  7. fNeovascular age related macular degeneration, corneal graft rejection, choroidal neovascularization, lattice degeneration, corneal opacity, subluxation of the lens, commotio retina, hyphema, dacryocystitis