Studies | n | Population | Age (y) | Myopia (%) | Myopia SE | High myopia (%) | High myopia SE | Hyperopia (%) | Hyperopia SE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CNHS Inner Mongolia Study, 2019 [19] | 2090 | Chinese (Han/Mongolian) | 40–80 | 29.4 | <−0.5D | 3.6 | <−6D | 28.4 | > 0.5D |
CNHS Yunnan Study, 2019 [20] | 1626 | Chinese (Han/Yi) | 40–80 | 26.4 | <− 0.5D | 2.6 | <−6D | 19.9 | > 0.5D |
Handan Eye Study, 2009 [21] | 6491 | Chinese | 30–86 | 26.7 | <−0.5D | 1.8% | <−5D | 15.9 | > 0.5D |
Beijing Eye Study, 2006 [18] | 4319 | Chinese | 40–90 | 22.9 | <−0.5D | 2.6 | <−6D | NR | NR |
Liwan Eye Study, 2009 [11] | 1269 | Chinese | ≥50 | 32.3 | <−0.5D | 5.0 | <−5D | 40.0 | > 0.5D |
Shihpai Eye Study, 2003 [22] | 1361 | Chinese | ≥65 | 19.4 | <−0.5D | 2.4 | <−6D | 59.0 | > 0.5D |
Shanghai Eye Study, 2017 [23] | 6099 | Chinese | ≥50 | 22.8 | <−0.5D | 4.6 | <−6D | 48.5 | > 0.5D |
Suzhou Rural Eye Study, 2017 [24] | 4795 | Chinese | ≥60 | 23.5 | <−0.5D | 2.1 | <−6D | NR | NR |
Rural Southern Harbin Eye Study, 2009 [10] | 4979 | Chinese | ≥50 | 9.5 | <−0.5D | NR | NR | 8.9 | > 0.5D |
Tanjong Pagar Study, 2000 [25] | 1232 | Chinese (Singapore) | 40–79 | 38.7 | <−0.5D | 9.1 | <−5D | 28.4 | > 0.5D |
Singapore Longitudinal Aging Study, 2011 [26] | 1727 | Chinese (Singapore) | 55–85 | 30.8 | ≤ − 0.5D | NR | NR | 41.1 | ≥1D |
Chinese American Eye Study, 2017 [27] | 4144 | Chinese (American) | ≥50 | 35.1 | <−0.5D | 7.4 | <−5D | 40.2 | > 0.5D |
Tajimi Study, 2008 [28] | 3021 | Japanese | ≥40 | 41.8 | <−0.5D | 8.2 | <−5D | 27.9 | > 0.5D |
Hisayama Study, 2019 [4] | 2936 | Japanese | ≥40 | 45.8 | <−0.5D | 9.5 | <−5D | NR | NR |
Namil Rural Study, 2013 [29] | 1215 | Korean | ≥40 | 20.5 | <−0.5D | 1.0 | <−6D | 41.8 | > 0.5D |
Singapore Malay Eye Study, 2008 [30] | 2974 | Malay (Singapore) | 40–79 | 26.2 | <−0.5D | 3.9 | <−5D | 27.4 | > 0.5D |
Singapore Indian Eye Study, 2011 [31] | 2805 | Indian (Singapore) | 40–79 | 28.0 | <−0.5D | 4.1 | <−5D | 35.9 | > 0.5D |
Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study, 2009 [32] | 3642 | Indian | 40–92 | 34.6 | <−0.5D | 4.5 | <−5D | 18.4 | > 0.5D |
Indian Study of Age-related Eye Disease, 2018 [33] | 3267 | Indian | ≥40 | 35.6 | ≤ − 0.75D | 2.0 | ≤ − 6D | 30.3 | ≥0.5D |
Meiktila eye study, 2008 [34] | 1863 | Burmese | ≥40 | 42.7 | <−1D | 6.5 | <−6D | 15.0 | >1D |
Six Villages in Sumatra, 2002 [35] | 358 | Indonesian | ≥40 | 34.1 | ≤ − 0.5D | NR | NR | 32.1 | ≥0.5D |
Shahroud Eye Cohort Study, 2012 [36] | 4864 | Iranian | 40–64 | 30.2 | ≤ − 0.5D | 1.9 | <−6D | 35.6 | > 0.5D |
Mongolian Eye Study, 2004 [37] | 1617 | Mongolian | ≥40 | 17.2 | <−0.5D | NR | NR | 49.9 | > 0.5D |
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2008 [38] | 7357 | American | ≥40 | 31.0 | ≤ − 1D | 6.0 | ≤ − 5D | 5.3 | ≥3D |
Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, 2013 [39] | 4430 | American | 45–84 | 25.1 | ≤ − 1D | 4.6 | ≤ − 5D | 38.2 | ≥1D |
Los Angeles Latino Eye Study, 2006 [40] | 5927 | Latinos (American) | ≥40 | 16.8 | ≤ − 1D | 2.4 | ≤ − 5D | NR | NR |
Barbados Eye Study, 1999 [41] | 4709 | Barbados-born Black adults | 40–84 | 21.9 | <−0.5D | NR | NR | 46.9 | > 0.5D |
Victoria Visual Impairment Project, 1999 [42] | 4532 | Australian | 40–98 | 17.0 | <−0.5D | 2.1 | <−5D | 37.0 | > 0.5D |