Table 2 Characteristics of the Kazakh participants (CDK vs. Normal group)
CDK group | Normal group | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Number | 66 | 964 | |
Sex | =0.003 | ||
Male | 43 | 440 | |
Female | 23 | 524 | |
Age(range) | 55–93 | 40–86 | |
Age(year), Mean ± SD | 69.50 ± 7.12 | 53.57 ± 8.85 | < 0.001 |
Height(cm), Mean ± SD | 165.26 ± 9.35 | 162.37 ± 9.45 | < 0.001 |
Weight(kg), Mean ± SD | 69.47 ± 11.88 | 71.48 ± 12.40 | < 0.001 |
BMI, Mean ± SD | 25.40 ± 3.54 | 27.15 ± 4.59 | < 0.001 |
Occupation | 0.010 | ||
Indoor | 12 | 324 | |
Outdoor | 54 | 640 | |
Exposure time | 2.67 ± 0.69 | 2.08 ± 0.65 | < 0.001 |
Light(0-4 h/d) | 6 | 160 | |
Moderate(4-8 h/d) | 8 | 548 | |
Heavy(> 8 h/d) | 50 | 256 | |
Exposure protect | < 0.001 | ||
Glasses | 2 | 68 | |
Hat | 11 | 392 | |
Other | 1 | 28 | |
None | 52 | 476 | |
Vegetable intake | 1.26 ± 0.51 | 1.74 ± 0.54 | < 0.001 |
Light(< 300 g/d) | 51 | 300 | |
Moderate(300-500 g/d) | 13 | 619 | |
Heavy(> 500 g/d) | 2 | 45 | |
Vegetable species | 3.43 ± 1.62 | 5.85 ± 2.62 | < 0.001 |
Fruit intake | 1.09 ± 0.34 | 1.22 | < 0.001 |
Light(< 200 g/d) | 59 | 756 | |
Moderate(200-350 g/d) | 4 | 204 | |
Heavy(> 350 g/d) | 1 | 4 | |
Meat intake | 2.18 ± 0.90 | 1.98 ± 0.50 | < 0.001 |
Light(0-120 g/d) | 18 | 128 | |
Moderate(120-200 g/d) | 14 | 728 | |
Heavy(> 200 g/d) | 32 | 108 | |
Smoking | |||
Number of people | 18 | 356 | 0.115 |
Intake, Mean ± SD | 0.64 ± 1.00 | 0.63 ± 1.00 | 0.989 |
Alcohol | |||
Number of people | 19 | 280 | 0.964 |
Intake, Mean ± SD | 9.88 ± 28.77 | 22.383 ± 48.08 | 0.121 |
Tea milk intake | 2.30 ± 0.86 | 2.31 ± 0.91 | 0.864 |
None(0bowl/d) | 3 | 56 | |
Light(1-3bowl/d) | 8 | 128 | |
Moderate(4-6bowl/d) | 21 | 240 | |
Heavy(>6bowl/d) | 34 | 540 | |
Hypertension, n% | 43 | 508 | 0.050 |
Diabetes, n% | 3 | 88 | 0.204 |
Hyperlipidemia | 9 | 232 | 0.053 |
Emphysema | 1 | 68 | 0.082 |
Arthritis | 34 | 388 | 0.072 |
Cholecystitis | 0 | 40 | 0.091 |
Pterygium | 24 (36.4%) | 244 (25.3%) | 0.048 |
Cataract | 41 (62.1%) | 340 (35.3%) | < 0.001 |