Table 4 Multiple Cox proportional hazard regression for estimation of adjusted hazard ratios on sight-threatening cataract

 DM control

1.02 (0.92–1.12)

 DR

2.93 (2.60–3.30)*

 < 40

0.32 (0.22–0.47)*

 60–79

3.50 (3.22–3.81)*

 ≥ 80

3.60 (2.91–4.43)*

 Male

0.84 (0.78–0.90)*

 2–5 years

1.12 (1.01–1.24)*

 ≥ 5 years

1.26 (1.10–1.44)*

 NPDR

2.35 (2.08–2.65)*

 PDR

3.90 (3.42–4.45)*

 Hypertension

1.25 (1.14–1.36)*

 Ischemic heart diseases

1.12 (1.02–1.22)*

 Hyperlipidemia

1.01 (0.93–1.10)

 Congestive heart failure

1.12 (1.00–1.27)

 Cerebrovascular disease

1.04 (0.94–1.14)

 Dementia

0.70 (0.53–0.92)

 Chronic pulmonary diseases

1.11 (1.02–1.21)*

 Rheumatoid arthritis as well as osteoarthritis

1.23 (1.03–1.47)*

 Kidney disease

1.22 (1.09–1.36)*

 Hepatitis and liver cirrhosis

0.96 (0.88–1.04)

 Alcoholic liver disease

1.00 (0.74–1.34)

 Gout

1.16 (1.06–1.27)*

 Atopic dermatitis

1.19 (1.01–1.40)*

 Allergic otolaryngologic diseases

0.97 (0.89–1.07)

 DED

1.16 (1.04–1.28)*

 Uveitis

1.34 (1.06–1.70)*

 Glaucoma

1.42 (1.23–1.65)*

 AMD

1.32 (1.12–1.59)*

 Retinal diseases warrant trans pars plana vitrectomy

1.79 (1.48–2.24)*

 Systemic steroid

1.16 (1.06–1.26)*

 Topical steroid

1.89 (1.75–2.06)*

 Phenothiazines

1.03 (0.88–1.20)

 Amiodarone

1.23 (0.87–1.74)

 Statin

1.03 (0.94–1.12)

 Metformin

1.06 (0.97–1.16)