Table 1 Etiologies. Clinical findings. Surgical procedures of Isolated IR Palsy (N = 61)
From: Clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of isolated inferior rectus palsy
Eologies | N | Clinical Findings | N | Surgical Procedures | N |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Traumatic | 32 | Diplopia | 32 | IR resection | 13 |
Congenital | 28 | Abnormal head position | 15 | SR recession | 8 |
Congenital hypoplasia of IR | 20 | Limitation of eye movement | 61 | SR recession and IR resection | 18 |
Congenital absence of IR | 6 | Intorsion | 61 | Anastomosis and/or repair of the affected IR | 22 |
Congenital hypoplasia and absence co-exist of IR | 2 | Esotropia | 8 | Elongation of contralateral SO or/and the ipsilateral IOAT | 4 |
Thyroid ophthalmopathy | 1 | Exotropia | 9 | Horizontal rectus recession and resection | 5 |
Amblyopia | 6 | Ipsilateral SR recession and partial tendon transposition of horizontal rectus | 4 | ||
Nystagmus | 5 | ||||
Refractive error | 31 | ||||
Anisometropia | 7 |