Increased risk of Parkinson’s disease among patients with age-related macular degeneration

BMC Ophthalmology

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients

	Age-related Macular Degeneration (n = 10,424)		Non - Age-related Macular Degeneration (n = 10,424)		P-value*
	n	%	N	%	P-value*
Sex					> 0.99
Female	5130	49.2	5130	49.2
Male	5294	50.8	5294	50.8
Age, years					> 0.99
50–59	1732	16.6	1732	16.6
60–69	3087	29.6	3087	29.6
70–79	3841	36.9	3841	36.9
80–100	1764	16.9	1764	16.9
Mean (SD)^b	70.4 (9.55)		70.3 (9.63)		0.27
Comorbidity
Osteoporosis	2596	24.9	2017	19.4	< 0.0001
Diabetes^a	4918	47.2	3774	36.2	< 0.0001
Cirrhosis	4060	38.9	3092	29.7	< 0.0001
Cerebrovascular disease	2720	26.1	2226	21.3	< 0.0001
Chronic kidney disease	715	6.86	540	5.18	< 0.0001
Hypertension	7418	71.2	6507	62.4	< 0.0001
Hyperlipidemia	4644	44.5	3450	33.1	< 0.0001
Coronary artery disease	792	7.60	589	5.65	< 0.0001
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	4238	40.7	3527	33.8	< 0.0001
Numbers of comorbidity					< 0.0001
0	904	8.67	1863	17.87
≥ 1	9520	91.33	8561	82.13
Medications
Statin	8619	82.7	8844	84.8	< 0.0001
CCB	8713	83.6	8683	83.3	< 0.0001
Follow-up time, year (SD)^b	5.66 (3.81)		5.48 (3.84)		0.0002

Abbreviations: CCB Calcium Channel Blocker, SD Standard Deviation
*P-value using chi-square for the comparisons between with and without age-related macular degeneration
^aDiabetes mellitus included type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus
^bAverage age and follow-up time using Wilcoxon rank-sum test for verification

ISSN: 1471-2415