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Table 1 Baseline and clinical characteristics of patients in each treatment group

From: The effect of insulin on response to intravitreal anti-VEGF injection in diabetic macular edema in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Variables

Insulin (N = 137)

OHA (N = 61)

P value

Baseline BCVA (approxETDRS letters)

64.08 (12.99)

64.07 (12.60)

0.994

Baseline CMT (microns)

380.33 (101.54)

396.64 (113.77)

0.316

Lens status (% Pseudophakic)

62.80

78.70

0.019

Age (years)

68.19 (10.12)

69.43 (10.34)

0.431

Male (%)

64

31

0.497

Laterality of eye (% RE)

46.70

50.80

0.352

Hypertension (% positive)

89.10

75.40

0.014

Hyperlipidemia (% positive)

89.80

86.90

0.354

Nephropathy (% positive)

64.20

41.00

0.002

Smoker (%)

48.90

52.50

0.379

BMI (%)

34.38 (7.50)

32.47 (8.08)

0.108

Diabetes duration (years)

22.41 (8.17)

17.95 (9.55)

 < 0.001

HbA1c (mg/dl)

8.66 (1.71)

7.68 (1.21)

0.033

PRP at baseline (% positive)

47.40

24.60

0.002

DR duration (years)

7.74 (4.06)

7.62 (3.42)

0.848

Severe DR (%)

51.80

36.10

0.028

Injection type

  

0.599

  Bevacizumab (%)

54.70

55.70

 

  Ranibizumab (%)

17.50

23.00

 

  Aflibercept (%)

11.70

11.50

 

  Mixed (%)

16.10

9.80

 
  1. Abbreviations: BCVA Best corrected visual acuity, BMI Body-mass index, CMT Central macular thickness, DR Diabetic retinopathy, approxETDRS Approximate early treatment diabetic retinopathy study, OHA Oral hypoglycemic agent, PRP Pan-retinal photocoagulation, RE Right-eye. Data are presented as means (SD) for continuous variables and percentage (%) for categorical variables. Independent t-test was conducted for continuous variables and Chi-square test for categorical variables. Significant p-values are in bold