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Table 4 Mean vectors of the precycloplegic, postcycloplegic and difference of refraction in Smartphone abusers

From: Ultrasound biomicroscopy study of accommodative state in Smartphone abusers

Smartphone Abusers

Matrix formalism

(n = 40)

Standard notation

(n = 40)

f11

f12

f22

Sphere (dioptres)

Cylinder (dioptres)

Axis (degree)

Precycloplegic refraction

−1.61

0.05

−1.98

−1.98

0.38

97°

Postcycloplegic refraction

−0.38

0.03

−0.64

− 0.64

0.26

96°

Difference of postcycloplegic and precycloplegic

1.23

−0.02

1.34

1.22

0.11

7°

  1. f11, f12, f22 are Long’s dioptric power matrix forms