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Table 1 Factors Associated with the presence of beta zone in the Beijing Eye Study (Univariate Analysis)

From: Beta zone parapapillary atrophy in elderly Chinese

Parameter

P-Value

Odds Ratio

95% Confidence Interval

Age (Years)

<0.001

1.051

1.043

1.059

Gender (men / Women)

<0.001

0.602

0.524

0.692

Rural / Urban Region of Habitation

<0.001

1.185

1.142

1.231

Body Mass Index (kg/m2)

<0.001

0.954

0.937

0.972

Level of Education (1–5)

<0.001

1.139

1.063

1.220

Self-Reported Income

<0.001

1.119

1.084

1.156

Cognitive Score

0.186

0.987

0.967

1.007

Alcohol Consumption Frequency

0.765

0.994

0.955

1.034

Smoking Never / Ever

0.549

1.048

0.899

1.222

Smoking Package Years

0.941

1.001

0.964

1.040

Hours Spent With Vigorously Intensive Physical Activities Per Week

0.824

0.991

0.913

1.075

Hours Spent With Moderate Physical Activities Per week

<0.001

0.915

0.890

0.941

Number of Hours Spent With Walking Per Week

0.109

1.026

0.994

1.058

Number of Hours Spent With Sitting Per Week

0.202

1.018

0.990

1.047

Hypertension history

0.436

1.060

0.916

1.225

Cardiovascular disease history

0.009

1.281

1.063

1.542

Diabetes history

0.705

0.959

0.770

1.194

Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)

0.798

1.000

0.996

1.003

Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)

<0.001

0.988

0.983

0.994

Mean Blood Pressure (mmHg)

0.180

0.987

0.967

1.006

Glucose (mmol/L)

0.020

0.932

0.878

0.989

Cholesterol (mmol/L)

0.080

0.926

0.849

1.009

Creatinine

<0.001

1.011

1.005

1.017

High-Density Lipoproteins (mmol/L)

0.219

1.142

0.924

1.411

Low-Density Lipoproteins (mmol/L)

0.022

0.894

0.812

0.984

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

0.044

0.926

0.859

0.998

Use of Aspirin Yes / No

0.255

1.093

0.938

1.275

Depression Score

0.674

0.998

0.987

1.009

Ophthalmological Parameters

 Visual Acuity

<0.001

0.341

0.273

0.427

 BCVA(LogMAR)

<0.001

2.291

1.543

3.400

 Axial Length (mm)

<0.001

1.650

1.532

1.778

 refractive errors

<0.001

0.825

0.793

0.858

 Anterior Corneal Curvature Radius (mm)

<0.001

2.387

1.792

3.180

 Central Corneal Thickness (μm)

0.007

1.003

1.001

1.005

 Anterior Chamber Depth (mm)

<0.001

1.466

1.265

1.698

 Lens Thickness (mm)

<0.001

1.579

1.264

1.973

 Intraocular Pressure mmHg)

0.908

0.998

0.973

1.024

 Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness (μm)

<0.001

0.964

0.958

0.970

 Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness (μm)

<0.001

0.993

0.992

0.993

 Fundus Tessellation

0.666

1.151

0.608

2.182

 Macular Retinal Thickness (μm)

0.277

0.998

0.996

1.001

 Optic Disc Size (mm2)

<0.001

1.756

1.491

2.068

 Nuclear Cataract

<0.001

1.201

1.121

1.288

 Cortical Cataract

0.240

1.369

0.811

2.310

 Subcapsular Posterior Cataract

0.104

0.113

0.008

1.563

 Glaucoma history

0.012

1.727

1.126

2.648

 Glaucoma prevalence

<0.001

2.538

1.882

3.424

 Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Prevalence, Total

0.006

0.819

0.710

0.944

 Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Early Stage

0.428

0.902

0.699

1.164

 Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Intermediate Stage

0.010

0.783

0.650

0.943

 Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Late Stage

0.145

1.740

0.825

3.669

 Diabetic Retinopathy, Prevalence

0.787

1.093

0.572

2.091

 Retinal Vein Occlusion, Total

0.052

1.500

0.997

2.256

 Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy

0.120

2.158

0.819

5.683