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Table 2 Factors Associated with area of the presence of beta zone in the Beijing Eye Study (Univariate Analysis)

From: Beta zone parapapillary atrophy in elderly Chinese

Parameter

P-Value

Standardized Coefficient Beta

Regression Coefficient B

95% Confidence Interval

Age (Years)

<0.001

0.236

0.020

0.017, 0.023

Gender (men / Women)

0.006

−0.047

− 0.079

− 0.136, − 0.022

Rural / Urban Region of Habitation

<0.001

0.149

0.067

0.052, 0.082

Body Mass Index (kg/m2)

<0.001

−0.097

− 0.021

− 0.028, − 0.013

Level of Education (1–5)

0.037

0.037

0.029

0.002, 0.056

Self-Reported Income

<0.001

0.113

0.042

0.029, 0.055

Cognitive Score

<0.001

−0.064

− 0.014

− 0.021, − 0.006

Alcohol Consumption Frequency

0.010

− 0.045

− 0.021

− 0.037, − 0.005

Smoking Never / Ever

0.049

− 0.035

− 0.063

− 0.125, 0

Smoking Package Years

0.069

−0.032

− 0.014

− 0.029, 0.001

Hours Spent With Vigorously Intensive Physical Activities Per Week

0.417

0.015

0.014

− 0.019, 0.046

Hours Spent With Moderate Physical Activities Per week

<0.001

− 0.108

−0.030

− 0.040, − 0.021

Hours Spent With Walking Per Week

0.020

0.042

0.015

0.002, 0.027

Hours Spent With Sitting Per Week

0.873

0.003

0.001

−0.010, 0.012

Hypertension history

0.013

0.045

0.076

0.016, 0.135

Cardiovascular disease history

<0.001

0.088

0.188

0.112, 0.264

Diabetes history

0.434

0.015

0.035

−0.053, 0.123

Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)

0.347

0.016

0.001

−0.001, 0.002

Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)

<0.001

−0.077

−0.005

− 0.007, − 0.003

Mean Blood Pressure (mmHg)

0.699

− 0.023

− 0.001

− 0.005, 0.003

Glucose (mmol/L)

0.050

− 0.040

−0.019

− 0.037, 0

Cholesterol (mmol/L)

0.380

−0.018

− 0.013

− 0.042, 0.016

Creatinine

0.005

0.071

0.002

0.001, 0.003

High-Density Lipoproteins (mmol/L)

0.341

0.019

0.035

−0.037, 0.107

Low-Density Lipoproteins (mmol/L)

0.229

−0.025

−0.020

− 0.052, 0.013

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

0.104

−0.033

−0.020

− 0.044, 0.004

Use of Aspirin Yes / No

0.011

0.045

0.080

0.018, 0.142

Depression Score

0.256

0.020

0.003

−0.002, 0.007

Ophthalmological Parameters

 Visual Acuity

<0.001

−0.247

− 0.647

− 0.732, − 0.562

 BCVA(LogMAR)

<0.001

0.168

0.748

0.600, 0.896

 Axial Length (mm)

<0.001

0.385

0.261

0.239, 0.283

 refractive errors

<0.001

−0.387

−0.155

−0.168, − 0.142

 Anterior Corneal Curvature Radius (mm)

<0.001

0.087

0.263

0.157, 0.369

 Central Corneal Thickness (μm)

0.012

0.045

0.001

0, 0.002

 Anterior Chamber Depth (mm)

<0.001

0.081

0.124

0.070, 0.178

 Lens Thickness (mm)

<0.001

0.090

0.198

0.120, 0.277

 Intraocular Pressure mmHg)

0.371

−0.016

−0.005

− 0.015, 0.006

 Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness (μm)

<0.001

−0.256

−0.017

− 0.019, − 0.014

 Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness (μm)

<0.001

− 0.367

− 0.003

− 0.003, − 0.002

 Fundus Tessellation

0.149

− 0.025

−0.190

− 0.447, 0.068

 Macular Retinal Thickness (μm)

0.878

0.003

0.0000747

−0.001, 0.001

 Optic Disc Size (mm2)

<0.001

0.097

0.152

0.091, 0.213

 Nuclear Cataract

<0.001

0.117

0.075

0.051, 0.099

 Cortical Cataract

<0.001

0.106

0.515

0.333, 0.698

 Subcapsular Posterior Cataract

0.851

0.004

0.065

−0.616, 0.746

 Glaucoma history

<0.001

0.078

0.372

0.198, 0.547

 Glaucoma prevalence

<0.001

0.148

0.535

0.415, 0.655

 Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Prevalence, Total

0.004

−0.050

−0.085

−0.142, 0.028

 Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Early Stage

0.950

−0.001

−0.003

− 0.107, − 0.100

 Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Intermediate Stage

0.002

− 0.054

−0.118

− 0.193, 0.044

 Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Late Stage

0.218

0.021

0.195

−0.116, 0.506

 Diabetic Retinopathy, Prevalence

0.017

0.044

0.304

0.053, 0.555

 Retinal Vein Occlusion, Total

0.215

0.021

0.104

−0.060, 0.268

 Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy

0.022

0.039

0.455

0.065, 0.846