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Pediatrics and Strabismus

This section will consider studies on all aspects of pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus, including prevention, diagnosis and management of strabismus ocular disease in children, as well as related molecular genetics, pathophysiology and epidemiology. The section particularly welcomes prospective clinical studies, especially randomized controlled trials.

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  1. Ectopia lentis is the common ocular manifestation of homocystinuria resulting from cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) deficiency which has a high risk of thromboembolic complications.

    Authors: Ning Hua, Yuxian Ning, Hui Zheng, Ledong Zhao, Xuehan Qian, Charles Wormington and Jingyun Wang

    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:212

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  2. Hospital anxiety caused by strabismus surgery has an unpleasant and disturbing feeling for both children and their parents. This study aimed to determine the effect of viewing a self-produced audio-visual anim...

    Authors: Yuexi Jin, Aifen Jiang, Wanna Jiang, Wenxin Wu, Lisha Ye, Xiaojiang Kong, Le Liu and Zhousheng Jin

    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:163

    Content type: Research article

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  3. Strabismus is the leading risk factor for amblyopia, which should be early detected for minimized visual impairment. However, traditional school screening for strabismus can be challenged due to several factor...

    Authors: Wenbo Cheng, Marissa H. Lynn, Shrinivas Pundlik, Cheryl Almeida, Gang Luo and Kevin Houston

    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:150

    Content type: Research article

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  4. The current practice for new-born eye examination by an Ophthalmologist in Malaysian hospitals is limited to only preterm new-borns, syndromic or ill infants. Healthy term new-borns are usually discharged with...

    Authors: Kenneth Teow Kheng Leong, Siti Nur Amira Abu Kassim, Jasvinjeet Kaur Sidhu, Zayani Zohari, Thivakar Sivalingam, Sunder Ramasamy, Safinaz Mohd Khialdin, Noraihan Mohd Nordin and Jamalia Rahmat

    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:128

    Content type: Research article

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  5. To study optic disc features of premature infants and compare to that of term infants to explore the pattern and features of newborn optic disc development and provide the basis for the diagnosis of newborn op...

    Authors: Xiaofen Feng, Yan Nan, Jiandong Pan, Ruitao Zou, Lijun Shen and Feng Chen

    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:120

    Content type: Research article

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  6. Eye examination and vision assessment are vital for the detection of conditions that result in blindness. Childhood blindness seriously impacts the development, education, and future employment opportunities o...

    Authors: Tolosa Tufa Regassa, Kumale Tolesa Daba, Ido Didi Fabian and Aemero Abateneh Mengasha

    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:91

    Content type: Research article

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  8. Aniso-astigmatism may hinder normal visual development in preschool children. Knowing its prevalence, biometric parameters and risk factors is fundamental to children eye care. The purpose of this study was to...

    Authors: Haohai Tong, Qingfeng Hao, Zijin Wang, Yue Wang, Rui Li, Xiaoyan Zhao, Qigang Sun, Xiaohan Zhang, Xuejuan Chen, Hui Zhu, Dan Huang and Hu Liu

    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:67

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  9. Thygeson’s superficial punctate keratitis (TSPK) is reportedly a rare disease with an insidious onset, numerous remissions and exacerbations, and a long duration. The corneal lesions are elevated, whitish–grey...

    Authors: Xiao-Jiao Tang, Qing Liu, Lian-Hong Pi, Xin-Ke Chen and Lin Chen

    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:64

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  10. Nephrotic syndrome is the most common glomerulopathy among children aged 2–18 years and high dose corticosteroids are the backbone of its management. Potentially blinding ocular complications often result from...

    Authors: Faith Nakubulwa, Rebecca Claire Lusobya, Anthony Batte, Bashir Ssuna, Damalie Nakanjako, Lydia Nakiyingi, Caroline Nalukenge, Francis Onen Sebabi, Ben Mulinde and Juliet Otiti-Sengeri

    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:55

    Content type: Research article

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  16. The treatment efficacy of botulinum toxin bilateral medial rectus injections for acute acquired concomitant esotropia (AACE) in adult is not clear. We characterize the effects of botulinum toxin injection in t...

    Authors: Minghua Shi, Yuanxiang Zhou, Aijiao Qin, Jing Cheng and Hongxing Ren

    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:9

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  17. Choroidal ganglioneuroma is an extremely rare tumor, and there is little knowledge regarding its pathogenesis. We aimed to investigate the phenotypic and genetic alterations in one sporadic patient with a rare...

    Authors: Zhaoxin Jiang, Ting Zhang, Chonglin Chen, Limei Sun, Songshan Li and Xiaoyan Ding

    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2020 20:487

    Content type: Research article

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  18. The effect and safety of atropine on delaying the progression of myopia has been extensively studied, but its optimal dose is still unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this meta-analysis is to systematically ev...

    Authors: Congling Zhao, Chunyan Cai, Qiang Ding and Hongbin Dai

    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2020 20:478

    Content type: Research article

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  19. Structural changes of the choroid, such as choroidal thickening, have been indicated in amblyopic eyes with hyperopic anisometropia as compared to fellow or healthy eyes. The purpose of the present study was t...

    Authors: Syunsuke Araki, Atsushi Miki, Katsutoshi Goto, Tsutomu Yamashita, Tsuyoshi Yoneda, Atsushi Fujiwara, Kazuko Haruishi, Yoshiaki Ieki, Junichi Kiryu, Goro Maehara and Kiyoshi Yaoeda

    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2020 20:472

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  21. To examine the clinical features of acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE) and to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of a single injection of botulinum toxin type A (BTXA) on binocular visual function (BVF).

    Authors: Luyao Tong, Xiaoning Yu, Xiajing Tang, Yidong Zhang, Sifan Zheng and Zhaohui Sun

    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2020 20:464

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  23. The Prevalence of myopia is increasing in China. This study aimed to explore the distribution of spherical equivalent (SE) and its association with age, body mass index (BMI), gender in a non-myopic Chinese ch...

    Authors: Xiyan Zhang, Yonglin Zhou, Jie Yang, Yan Wang, Wenyi Yang, Liuwei Gao, Yao Xiang and Fengyun Zhang

    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2020 20:439

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  24. In this case report, we present for the first time central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) and central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) as a complication of persistent hyaloid artery (PHA).

    Authors: Mirjana Bjeloš, Ana Križanović, Mladen Bušić and Biljana Kuzmanović Elabjer

    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2020 20:434

    Content type: Case report

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  25. Few studies have evaluated the surgical outcome of superior oblique weakening procedures in patients with superior oblique overaction associated with exotropia or esotropia. This study aimed to evaluate the ou...

    Authors: Junwoo Chun and Seong-Joon Kim

    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2020 20:420

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  26. Ocular coloboma is an excavation of ocular structures that occurs due to abnormal fusion of the embryonic optic fissure. Further, cleft lip/palate (CL/P), a congenital midline abnormality, is caused by a defec...

    Authors: Yung Ju Yoo, Sang Beom Han, Hee Kyung Yang and Jeong-Min Hwang

    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2020 20:418

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  27. Congenital orbital teratoma is relatively rare, and few reports of prenatal ultrasound findings in such cases have been published.

    Authors: Xi Chen, Jiaxiang Yang, Guannan He, Chunlan Cheng, Chunguo Zhang, Hongli Wang, Lihong He, Zhirong Yang, Li Chen and Jing Zhao

    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2020 20:415

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  28. To date there have been few systematic attempts to establish the general prevalence of asthenopia in unselected populations of school-aged children. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether the inc...

    Authors: Barbara M. Junghans, Serap Azizoglu and Sheila G. Crewther

    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2020 20:408

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  29. Although nasolacrimal duct probing is the standard treatment for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) among children, the optimal timing of this procedure has been a topic of debate. The aim of the...

    Authors: Marta Świerczyńska, Ewelina Tobiczyk, Piotr Rodak, Dorota Barchanowska and Erita Filipek

    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2020 20:403

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  31. Optic nerve (ON) invasion is an important high-risk feature, and an indicator for neoadjuvant chemotherapy and prognosis. We aim through this study to correlate the detected-ON invasion by Magnetic resonance i...

    Authors: Mohammed M. Abusayf, Hind M. Alkatan, Sahar Elkhamary, Saleh A. Almesfer and Azza M. Y. Maktabi

    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2020 20:386

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  33. To calculate and evaluate the prevalence of reduced uncorrected distant visual acuity (UCDVA) in primary, middle and high schools in 6 districts of Changsha, Hunan, China.

    Authors: Menglian Liao, Zehuai Cai, Muhammad Ahmad Khan, Wenjie Miao, Ding Lin and Qiongyan Tang

    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2020 20:347

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  35. 22q11.2 duplication syndrome (Dup22q11.2) has reduced penetrance and variable expressivity. Those affected may have intellectual disabilities, dysmorphic facial features, and ocular alterations such as ptosis,...

    Authors: Claudia Valencia-Peña, Paula Jiménez-Sanchez, Wilmar Saldarriaga and César Payán-Gómez

    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2020 20:333

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  36. The purpose was to study the macular ganglion cell- inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thickness in healthy 6.5 year- old Swedish children using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and to study topography symmetry ...

    Authors: Urszula Arnljots, Maria Nilsson, Ida Hed Myrberg, Ulrika Åden and Kerstin Hellgren

    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2020 20:329

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  40. To compare surgical outcomes and complications of three inferior oblique weakening procedures; Inferior Oblique Myectomy (IOM), Inferior Oblique combined Resection-Anterior Transposition (IORAT) and Inferior O...

    Authors: Mohamed F. Farid, Mohamed Anany and Marwa Abdelshafy

    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2020 20:298

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  43. Tibetan Plateau is a highland area with special geographical location, time zone, and ethnic composition. We herein report the rationale, methodology and baseline data of the school-based childhood cohort stud...

    Authors: Weiwei Chen, Jing Fu, Zhaojun Meng, Lei Li, Han Su, Wei Dai and Yao Yao

    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2020 20:250

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Ophthalmology 2020 20:314

  44. Intraocular medulloepithelioma is commonly treated with primary enucleation. Conservative treatment options include brachytherapy, local resection and/or cryotherapy in selected cases. We report for the first ...

    Authors: Christina Stathopoulos, Marie-Claire Gaillard, Julie Schneider and Francis L. Munier

    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2020 20:239

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  45. To detect significant factors associated with excessive postoperative exo-drift in young patients with intermittent exotropia who had undergone unilateral lateral rectus muscle recession and medial rectus musc...

    Authors: Shin Morisawa, Ichiro Hamasaki, Kiyo Shibata, Takehiro Shimizu, Reika Kono, Manabu Miyata, Takashi Furuse, Satoshi Hasebe, Hiroshi Ohtsuki, Yuki Morizane and Fumio Shiraga

    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2020 20:216

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  46. Many treatments are currently available for amblyopic patients; although, the comparative efficacy of these therapies is unclear. We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) to establish t...

    Authors: Yonghong Li, Huan Sun, Xiaojuan Zhu, Yana Su, Tianqi Yu, Xinyu Wu, Xiaoqin Zhou and Li Jing

    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2020 20:203

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  48. Assessment of interobserver reproducibility and interocular symmetry using optical coherence tomography (OCT)–based measurements of the macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) in healthy children facilitates inter...

    Authors: Alicia Muñoz-Gallego, Javier De la Cruz, Martín Rodríguez-Salgado, José L. Torres-Peña, Javier Sambricio, Ana Ortueta-Olartecoechea and Pilar Tejada-Palacios

    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2020 20:197

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

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