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  1. Myopic shift and biometric ocular changes have been previously observed after scleral buckling (SB) surgery in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), but long term-term outcomes had not yet been explored. Th...

    Authors: Giuseppe Maria Albanese, Alberto Cerini, Giacomo Visioli, Marco Marenco and Magda Gharbiya
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:172
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. To establish a decision model based on two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) eye data of patients with ptosis for developing personalized surgery plans.

    Authors: Xuefei Song, Weilin Tong, Chaoyu Lei, Jingxuan Huang, Xianqun Fan, Guangtao Zhai and Huifang Zhou
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:169
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. We present 3 members of a family with macular dystrophy, originally diagnosed as Stargardt disease, with a significantly variable age at onset, caused by a heterozygous mutation in CRX.

    Authors: Saoud Al-Khuzaei, Karl A. Z. Hudspith, Suzanne Broadgate, Morag E. Shanks, Penny Clouston, Andrea H. Németh, Stephanie Halford and Susan M. Downes
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:168
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  6. Cataract is a significant cause of preventable blindness in the United Kingdom and worldwide. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, cataract surgery was the most commonly performed operation by the National Health S...

    Authors: Francis Carr, Paras Agarwal, Harmehak Narula, Tiran S. Keragala, Samer Elshikh Hassan Awwad, Ahmed Roble and Vinod Gangwani
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:167
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Transforming growth factor beta (TGFB) is an important candidate gene implicated in glaucoma pathogenesis because it affects retinal ganglionic cell survival. The present study assessed the genetic association of...

    Authors: Nanamika Thakur, Rajeev Kumar Pandey, Rashim Mannan, Archna Pruthi and Sanjana Mehrotra
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:165
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Chronic ocular graft-versus-host disease (oGVHD) is an ocular comorbidity of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) that usually occurs concurrently with systemic manifestations. Failure to detect and treat oGVHD in...

    Authors: Hideto Ikarashi, Naohiko Aketa, Eisuke Shimizu, Yoji Takano, Tetsuya Kawakita, Yuichi Uchino, Yukihiro Matsumoto, Junko Ogawa, Kazuo Tsubota and Yoko Ogawa
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:164
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  10. Hospital anxiety caused by strabismus surgery has an unpleasant and disturbing feeling for both children and their parents. This study aimed to determine the effect of viewing a self-produced audio-visual anim...

    Authors: Yuexi Jin, Aifen Jiang, Wanna Jiang, Wenxin Wu, Lisha Ye, Xiaojiang Kong, Le Liu and Zhousheng Jin
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:163
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Although studies have investigated the risk of second primary malignancies (SPMs) associated with lymphoma of various sites, limited studies have investigated this risk in patients with lymphoma originating wi...

    Authors: Asad Loya, Vignesh Ramachandran, Talha Ayaz and Christina Y. Weng
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:162
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Panretinal photocoagulation treatment (PRP) have been known as a standard treatment for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) or severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (sNPDR). However, there is no co...

    Authors: Wei Zhang, Guiyang Zhao, Weijie Fan and Taihong Zhao
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:160
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:205

  14. Pseudomyopia is caused by increased refractive power by ciliary muscle spasm. Most patients cannot overcome pseudomyopia spontaneously; therefore, treatment of pseudomyopia is fastidious and needs a multidisci...

    Authors: In Ki Park, Young Kee Park, Jae-Ho Shin and Yeoun Sook Chun
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:159
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  17. Pathogenic variants of G-protein coupled receptor 143 (GPR143) gene often leads to ocular albinism type I (OA1) characterized by nystagmus, iris and fundus hypopigmentation, and foveal hypoplasia. In this stud...

    Authors: Xiying Mao, Mingkang Chen, Yan Yu, Qinghuai Liu, Songtao Yuan and Wen Fan
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:156
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  19. Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS) is a rare autosomal dominant eye disorder that can also affect other organs of the human body. The condition is primarily characterized by the anterior segmental abnormalities of...

    Authors: Kinga Gołaszewska, Natalia Dub, Emil Saeed, Zofia Mariak and Joanna Konopińska
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:154
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  20. Early recognition and management of baseline risk factors may play an important role in reducing glaucoma surgery burdens. However, no studies have investigated them using real-world data in Japan or other cou...

    Authors: Chikako Shirai, Satoru Tsuda, Kunio Tarasawa, Kiyohide Fushimi, Kenji Fujimori and Toru Nakazawa
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:153
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Age-related cataract (ARC) is the main cause of blindness in older individuals but its specific pathogenic mechanism is unclear. This study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated wi...

    Authors: Zhongying Wang, Dongmei Su, Shanhe Liu, Guiqian Zheng, Gaobo Zhang, Tingsong Cui, Xu Ma, Zhaoyi Sun and Shanshan Hu
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:152
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. To assess the diagnostic capability of novel Bruch’s membrane opening (BMO)-based disc parameters, the BMO-minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) and the BMO-minimum rim area (BMO-MRA) in the Chinese population and compa...

    Authors: Ruoshi Li, Xia Wang, Yahui Wei, Yuan Fang, Tian Tian, Lei Kang, Mei Li, Yu Cai and Yingzi Pan
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:151
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Strabismus is the leading risk factor for amblyopia, which should be early detected for minimized visual impairment. However, traditional school screening for strabismus can be challenged due to several factor...

    Authors: Wenbo Cheng, Marissa H. Lynn, Shrinivas Pundlik, Cheryl Almeida, Gang Luo and Kevin Houston
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:150
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Visual acuity is commonly used as a functional outcome measure in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), despite having a weak correlation with self-perceived visual quality of life. Microperime...

    Authors: Thomas Richard Johansen Forshaw, Alexandra Kalia Parpounas and Torben Lykke Sørensen
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:149
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Driving is a visually intensive task. In Cameroon, where the burden of road traffic deaths is high, visual assessment is not universally performed before the issuance of driver licenses. This study aims to ass...

    Authors: Brice Nguedia Vofo, Doris Ako Ayuk, Jacob Pe’er, Alain Chichom-Mefire, Nicholas Tendongfor and Eleanor Ngwe Nche
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:148
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Dry eye disease is a tear film disorder which can cause discomfort to patients and negatively affect vision acuity. A number of risk factors has been reported to affect the incidence and severity of dry eye sy...

    Authors: Abeer Habeeb Almutairi, Bayan Sulaiman Alalawi, Ghadir Hamzah Badr, Razan Ahmed Alawaz, Maan Albarry and Hossein M. Elbadawy
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:147
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. To compare plasma fatty acids (FAs) between participants with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and participants without neuropathy in an elderly population and to investigate specific FAs pattern in POAG.

    Authors: Alicia Chemaly, Louis Arnould, Alassane Seydou, Pierre-Henry Gabrielle, Florian Baudin, Niyazi Acar and Catherine Creuzot-Garcher
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:146
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Central corneal thickness (CCT) and its association with intraocular pressure, which is a pivotal parameter in glaucoma management, has previously been reported. In this study, we intended to investigate the l...

    Authors: Hae Min Park, Jiin Choi, Won June Lee and Ki Bang Uhm
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:145
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. As a novel high magnification module (HMM) combining with OCT (OCT-HMM) is able to detect the microstructure of retina, we apply it to explore the ultrastructure of the macula after closure of the idiopathic m...

    Authors: Chang-Yu Qiu, Yuan-Yuan Shi, Hong-Wei Zhao, Chuang Nie, Ming-Xia Dong, Huai-Qiang Zhang, Jun Zhao, Qian-Qian Xu, Fei-Long Song, Xiao-Hua Guo, Lin Shi, Chang-Ying Liu, Yu-Bo Gong and Ling Luo
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:144
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. This study evaluated the effects of dexamethasone intravitreal implant on treatment-naïve branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO)-induced macular edema (ME), and the risk factors for earlier repeated treatment.

    Authors: Yu-Te Huang, Chun-Ju Lin, Huan-Sheng Chen, Peng-Tai Tien, Chun-Ting Lai, Ning-Yi Hsia, Jane-Ming Lin, Wen-Lu Chen and Yi-Yu Tsai
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:142
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Ultra-widefiled (UWF) retinal images include significant distortion when they are projected onto a two-dimensional surface for viewing. Therefore, many clinical studies that require quantitative analysis of fu...

    Authors: Su-Ho Lim, Seongyong Jeong, Jang Hwan Ahn, Jano van Hemert and Min Sagong
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:141
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. It is critical to monitor the optic disc’s vessel density using Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and evaluate its determinants. In the current study, we investigate the superficial vessel densit...

    Authors: Li-jun Zhou, Xiu-zhi Luo, Pei-yang Shen, Xin Li, Peng Su, Zhe Zhu, Shi-gang Yan, Xiang-bin Kong and Xiao-he Lu
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:140
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. To minimize the risk of viral transmission, ophthalmology practices limited face-to-face encounters to only patients with urgent and emergent ophthalmic conditions in the weeks after the start of the COVID-19 ...

    Authors: Meghan K. Berkenstock, Paulina Liberman, Peter J. McDonnell and Benjamin C. Chaon
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:139
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. To report sampling of the trabecular meshwork using the TrabEx+ (MicroSurgical Technology, Redmond, Washington, USA) device in ab interno trabeculectomy. Specifically, this series focusses upon preservation of...

    Authors: Vipul Ramjiani, Hardeep-Singh Mudhar, Thomas Julian and Graham Auger
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:138
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. The ultra-Orthodox Jewish community has a unique lifestyle including minimal outdoor activity and intense, prolonged nearby work, beginning at a very young age. Their prevalence of myopia is extremely high. Th...

    Authors: Sharon Armarnik, Maya Lavid, Sharon Blum, Tamara Wygnanski-Jaffe, David B. Granet and Michael Kinori
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:136
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Postoperative ocular imbalance is an important problem for orbital decompression surgery in thyroid eye disease (TED). The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in unilateral ocular deviation and ducti...

    Authors: Jie Guo, Xiaofeng Li, Ruiqi Ma and Jiang Qian
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:134
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether dynamic monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) level might be as predictors of perceived pain during the first and second phacoemulsification eye surgeri...

    Authors: Feng Zhang, Jin-Hua Wang and Mei-Sheng Zhao
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:133
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. We investigated structural injury patterns in the peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (p-RNFL) and ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) caused by ethambutol treatment.

    Authors: Wen-Yan Sheng, Ling-Ya Su, Wei Ge, Shuang-Qing Wu and Li-Wei Zhu
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:132
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Conjunctival autograft transplantation from superior conjunctiva is often chosen to lower the postoperative recurrence rate for pterygium treatment. However, inferior conjunctival autograft (ICA) might be take...

    Authors: Wenwei Li, Yaoyong Lou and Bin Wang
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:131
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. To evaluate the efficacy and outcomes of one-way surgical technique for the treatment of vitreous hemorrhage post vitrectomy on proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients.

    Authors: Qun Wang, Jie Zhao, Qing Xu, Cui Han, Baojie Hou and Yifei Huang
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:129
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. The current practice for new-born eye examination by an Ophthalmologist in Malaysian hospitals is limited to only preterm new-borns, syndromic or ill infants. Healthy term new-borns are usually discharged with...

    Authors: Kenneth Teow Kheng Leong, Siti Nur Amira Abu Kassim, Jasvinjeet Kaur Sidhu, Zayani Zohari, Thivakar Sivalingam, Sunder Ramasamy, Safinaz Mohd Khialdin, Noraihan Mohd Nordin and Jamalia Rahmat
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:128
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Anterior chamber angle anatomy in perspective of ocular biometry may be the key element to intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction, especially in glaucoma patients. We aim to investigate anterior chamber angle an...

    Authors: Giedre Pakuliene, Kirilas Zimarinas, Irena Nedzelskiene, Brent Siesky, Loreta Kuzmiene, Alon Harris and Ingrida Januleviciene
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:127
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Glistenings describe small, refractile microvacuoles that may arise within the intraocular lens (IOL) material and reduce the patients’ quality of vision. Lenses composed of hydrophobic acrylic material are pa...

    Authors: Tamer Tandogan, Gerd U. Auffarth, Hyeck-Soo Son, Patrick Merz, Chul Young Choi and Ramin Khoramnia
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:126
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Intraoperative floppy iris syndrome is a variant of the small pupil syndrome that has been observed during cataract surgery in some patients currently or previously treated with α1 adrenergic blockers. It is i...

    Authors: Umut Karaca, Engin Kaya, Onder Ayyildiz, Gokhan Ozge, Murat Kucukevcilioglu, Gulsah Usta and Fatih Mehmet Mutlu
    Citation: BMC Ophthalmology 2021 21:125
    Content type: Research article Published on:
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