Effects of aerobic exercise on tear secretion and tear film stability in dry eye patients

Sun, Chao; Chen, Xiaofan; Huang, Yanming; Zou, Huan; Fan, Wei; Yang, Mei; Yuan, Rongdi

doi:10.1186/s12886-021-02230-9

BMC Ophthalmology

Table 3 Comparison of signs associated with dry eye before (baseline) and after AE

From: Effects of aerobic exercise on tear secretion and tear film stability in dry eye patients

	Group	Time				P value
	Group	Baseline	10 min	20 min	40 min		Group × Time	Group main effect	Time main effect
TMH (mm)	1	0.31 ± 0.07	0.30 ± 0.09	0.30 ± 0.07	0.30 ± 0.06	1 and 2	0.984	0.784	0.630
	2	0.32 ± 0.13	0.31 ± 0.11	0.31 ± 0.13	0.30 ± 0.09	1 and 2	0.984	0.784	0.630
	2	0.32 ± 0.13	0.31 ± 0.11	0.31 ± 0.13	0.30 ± 0.09	2 and 3	0.404	0.866	0.537
	3	0.31 ± 0.09	0.30 ± 0.07	0.30 ± 0.09	0.32 ± 0.11	2 and 3	0.404	0.866	0.537
F-NIT BUTF-NITBUT (s)	1	5.52 ± 1.97	5.36 ± 1.68	5.44 ± 1.54	5.44 ± 1.35	1 and 2	<0.001	/	/
	2	5.44 ± 1.88^c	10.80 ± 5.35^ab	7.94 ± 3.88^ab	7.87 ± 4.24^ab	1 and 2	<0.001	/	/
	2	5.44 ± 1.88^c	10.80 ± 5.35^ab	7.94 ± 3.88^ab	7.87 ± 4.24^ab	2 and 3	0.036	/	/
	3	10.16 ± 4.07	10.77 ± 5.66	9.50 ± 5.48	9.64 ± 5.05	2 and 3	0.036	/	/
A-NIT BUTA-NITBUT (s)	1	7.49 ± 2.36	7.91 ± 2.04	7.91 ± 2.18	7.83 ± 1.39	1 and 2	0.001	/	/
	2	7.73 ± 1.63^c	12.94 ± 4.65^ab	11.04 ± 4.41^abc	10.34 ± 4.83^abc	1 and 2	0.001	/	/
	2	7.73 ± 1.63^c	12.94 ± 4.65^ab	11.04 ± 4.41^abc	10.34 ± 4.83^abc	2 and 3	0.003	/	/
	3	14.37 ± 3.42	14.67 ± 5.56	13.70 ± 5.41	13.73 ± 5.48	2 and 3	0.003	/	/
LLT (nm)	1	48.23 ± 16.66	50.33 ± 18.70	49.10 ± 15.10	46.17 ± 16.18	1 and 2	0.363	0.946	0.117
	2	52.37 ± 22.05	48.27 ± 18.85	50.17 ± 17.55	45.23 ± 16.40	1 and 2	0.363	0.946	0.117
	2	52.37 ± 22.05	48.27 ± 18.85	50.17 ± 17.55	45.23 ± 16.40	2 and 3	0.424	0.003	0.086
	3	63.43 ± 20.71	56.93 ± 21.00	57.43 ± 18.17	59.27 ± 15.27	2 and 3	0.424	0.003	0.086
Number of incomplete blinks	1	4.33 ± 3.06	4.43 ± 3.57	4.17 ± 3.03	4.30 ± 3.41	1 and 2	0.033	/	/
	2	4.30 ± 3.41^c	1.60 ± 1.45^bcd	3.17 ± 2.25	3.47 ± 3.20^c	1 and 2	0.033	/	/
	2	4.30 ± 3.41^c	1.60 ± 1.45^bcd	3.17 ± 2.25	3.47 ± 3.20^c	2 and 3	<0.001	/	/
	3	2.77 ± 1.83	2.77 ± 2.03	2.80 ± 1.97	2.37 ± 1.99	2 and 3	<0.001	/	/
Number of complete blinks	1	4.00 ± 2.95	4.57 ± 2.36	4.60 ± 1.96	4.50 ± 2.58	1 and 2	<0.001	/	/
	2	3.80 ± 2.83	7.90 ± 4.87^bcd	4.93 ± 2.59	4.70 ± 2.77	1 and 2	<0.001	/	/
	2	3.80 ± 2.83	7.90 ± 4.87^bcd	4.93 ± 2.59	4.70 ± 2.77	2 and 3	<0.001	/	/
	3	4.33 ± 2.40	4.13 ± 2.91	3.87 ± 2.73	3.60 ± 2.14	2 and 3	<0.001	/	/
Number of total blinks	1	8.33 ± 4.90	9.00 ± 4.22	8.77 ± 4.08	8.80 ± 4.56	1 and 2	0.690	0.754	0.353
	2	8.10 ± 5.16	9.50 ± 5.22	8.10 ± 3.49	8.17 ± 4.50	1 and 2	0.690	0.754	0.353
	2	8.10 ± 5.16	9.50 ± 5.22	8.10 ± 3.49	8.17 ± 4.50	2 and 3	0.325	0.035	0.106
	3	7.10 ± 3.64	6.90 ± 3.88	6.67 ± 4.37	5.97 ± 3.32	2 and 3	0.325	0.035	0.106
PBR	1	0.52 ± 0.23	0.47 ± 0.22	0.45 ± 0.17	0.49 ± 0.25	1 and 2	0.002	/	/
	2	0.52 ± 0.23	0.18 ± 0.16^bcd	0.37 ± 0.24	0.41 ± 0.29	1 and 2	0.002	/	/
	2	0.52 ± 0.23	0.18 ± 0.16^bcd	0.37 ± 0.24	0.41 ± 0.29	2 and 3	0.008	/	/
	3	0.41 ± 0.24	0.40 ± 0.27	0.37 ± 0.24	0.37 ± 0.28	2 and 3	0.008	/	/

Group 1: Dry eye without AE, Group 2: Dry eye with AE, Group 3: Pre-clinical dry eye with AE
^a There was a significant difference compared with baseline (P < 0.05)
^b There was a significant difference compared with Group 1 (P < 0.05)
^c There was a significant difference compared with Group 3 (P < 0.05)
^d There were significant differences compared with the other time point (P < 0.05)
TMH tear meniscus height, F-NITBUT first non-invasive tear breakup time, A-NITBUT average non-invasive tear breakup time, LLT lipid layer thickness, PBR partial blink rate

Back to article page

ISSN: 1471-2415

Contact us

General enquiries: journalsubmissions@springernature.com